Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 9 findings · 6 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 3 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 11.1%Very low 0 · 0%Low 3 · 33.3%Moderate 2 · 22.2%High 0 · 0%

Antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse effects · participants (any age) with a clinical diagnosis of ASD who have displayed one or more unwanted or challenging behaviours at baseline…

Antidepressants may leads to higher adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.16
10 studies · 815 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects · Preschool children from socially disadvantaged families

1 finding from 1 review

Home‐based child development interventions for preschool children from socially disadvantaged families 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Primary outcomes and adverse effects · Preschool children from socially disadvantaged families

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Home‐based child development interventions for preschool children from socially disadvantaged families 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Home (point‐of‐use) fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders vs placebo or no intervention

Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) · preschool and school‐age children

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrients powders (MNP) showed no clear difference in adverse effects (any, as defined by trialists) compared with no intervention or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Point‐of‐use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school‐age 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.16, 7.42]
1 study · 90 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects · children aged 6 to 23 months

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects · children aged 6 to 23 months

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Any adverse side effects (total), as defined and reported by trial authors · menstruating women (non‐pregnant women of reproductive age)

The intervention showed no clear difference in any adverse side effects (total), as defined and reported by trial… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.14 [0.94, 4.86]
7 studies · 901 participants
Low

Prophylactic probiotics vs placebo

Adverse effects Measured by: reporting · infants without colic

Prophylactic probiotics showed no clear difference in adverse effects Measured by: reporting compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent infantile colic 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.14, 7.21]
6 studies · 1851 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects Defined as deaths, hospitalisations, congenital abnormalities and life‐threatening conditions requiring an immediate hospital visit Assessed at 12 and 18 months of age · children aged 6 to 23 months

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse effects Defined as deaths, hospitalisations, congenital… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preventive lipid‐based nutrient supplements given with complementary foods to infants and young children 6 to 23… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.74, 1.01]
3 studies · 3382 participants
Moderate