Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

21 questions · 21 findings · 12 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility

No studies found 6 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 2 · 9.5%Very low 6 · 28.6%Low 5 · 23.8%Moderate 2 · 9.5%High 0 · 0%

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Ginger versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements changes ginger versus placebo Adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Zinc sulphate versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements changes zinc sulphate versus placebo Adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects: Acupressure versus placebo , no treatment or active controls · women with primary dysmenorrhoea

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nifedipine vs placebo

Total adverse effects · primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether nifedipine changes total adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Total adverse effects · women having elective abdominal hysterectomy

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes total adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nifedipine vs placebo

Bothersome adverse effects · primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether nifedipine changes bothersome adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal beta‐estradiol vs placebo

Adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day or 0.040 mg/day · women with hot flushes

Intranasal beta‐estradiol probably leads to higher adverse effects Intranasal beta‐estradiol 0.021 mg/day, 0.029 mg/day… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review