Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

584 questions · 590 findings · 240 reviews

No studies found 106 · 18%GRADE not reported 94 · 15.9%Very low 137 · 23.2%Low 134 · 22.7%Moderate 98 · 16.6%High 21 · 3.6%

Prophylactic probiotics vs placebo

Adverse effects Measured by: reporting · infants without colic

Prophylactic probiotics showed no clear difference in adverse effects Measured by: reporting compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on babies: loose stools · women in the postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether laxative changes adverse effects on babies: loose stools compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

IVIg vs placebo

All harmful effects · patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Betahistine vs placebo

Significant adverse events · patients with subjective idiopathic tinnitus
2 findings from 1 review

Amifostine vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects (other reported events) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review

Pilocarpine vs no treatment/placebo

Adverse effects (other reported events) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Collagen vs standard diet or placebo

Adverse effects/events: at least 1 adverse effect ‐ as defined by individual studies. · adults with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Collagen changes side effects: at least one adverse event compared with standard diet or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review