What do systematic reviews say?

Colchicine (0.5 mg per day for 3 months) vs prednisolone

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3 months
  Colchicine was associated with statistically significantly more adverse effects than prednisolone (nine participants reporting adverse effects on colchicine versus two on prednisolone).
  1 study · 34 participants
  GRADE not reported

Tetracycline suspension (250 mg, held in mouth 2 minutes then swallowed, four times daily for 5 days) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 days per outbreak
  Adverse event rates were comparable between groups.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Colchicine (0.5 mg three times per day) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  There was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to gastrointestinal adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.009). The review noted potential evidence of harm at a dose of 1.5 mg…
  1 study · 43 participants
  GRADE not reported

Camel thorn (plant distillate) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  up to 14 days
  No evidence of drug side effects was observed.
  1 study · 93 participants
  GRADE not reported

LongoVital (herbal plus vitamin component) vs LongoVital (herbal component alone)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 months
  Reported adverse events were minor and evenly distributed between the groups (Kolseth 2005).
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prednisone (oral, commencing 25 mg with phased dose reduction over 2 months) vs Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist)

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 months
  The study reported more drug-related adverse effects for those treated with prednisone than montelukast.
  1 study · 40 participants
  GRADE not reported

LongoVital (herbal component alone) vs placebo

• Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Reported adverse events were minor and evenly distributed between the groups (Kolseth 2005). 'Very few and mostly harmless side-effects' were observed (Bratel 2005).
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Home‐based child development interventions for preschool children from socially disadvantaged families 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another therapy, placebo, or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Noticeable absence of reports about adverse effects; no included study assessed the extent of adverse effects (for example the aftertaste of sodium hypochlorite, or mechanical or chemical damage to denture materials)…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Prophylactic valaciclovir (lower dose) vs Prophylactic valaciclovir (higher dose)

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One study reported adverse effects (Warkentin 2002). Twenty patients allocated to receive high dose valaciclovir reported adverse effects (42%); for the low dose group this number was 27 (52%). Adverse effects were…
  1 study · 100 participants
  GRADE not reported

Aciclovir (oral or intravenous) for treatment vs placebo

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects were assessed in both studies. For intravenous aciclovir the most commonly reported adverse effect was a reaction at the injection site (8 (16%) aciclovir versus 3 (7%) placebo; all patients, n = 97);…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Prophylactic aciclovir (oral or intravenous) vs placebo

• Interventions for the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus in patients being treated for cancer 2009 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects were reported in nine trials. Diagnosis was by evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms (e.g. rash, neurological impairment) and by laboratory tests including renal and hepatic function. None of the…
  9 studies
  GRADE not reported

Skin protection education vs no intervention or minimal intervention

• Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 250 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs no treatment or waiting list

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 447 participants
  Moderate

Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth extraction) vs No extraction (non-intervention control)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for promoting the eruption of palatally displaced permanent canine teeth, without the need for surgical… 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Only root resorption was assessed; other adverse effects (gingival disease, demineralisation) were not reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention

• Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 109 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating osteoarthritis of the big toe joint 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oropharyngeal colostrum (OPC) vs No treatment or saline or water

• Oropharyngeal colostrum in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 335 participants
  Very low

Laser therapy vs plastic tube

Laser showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with plastic tube (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.33 [0.87, 6.24]
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Moderate

Covered Ultraflex SEMS vs covered Wallstent

Covered Ultraflex SEMS showed no clear difference in all adverse effects compared with covered Wallstent (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dysphagia in oesophageal cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.61 [0.27, 1.38]
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Moderate