Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

652 questions · 687 findings · 68 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 185 · 26.9%GRADE not reported 24 · 3.5%Very low 140 · 20.4%Low 172 · 25%Moderate 104 · 15.1%High 62 · 9%

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in cancer occurrence in trials using vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to lower cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events ‐ Nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to infants vs vitamin D given to lactating mothers

Vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D given to infants changes vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L compared with vitamin D given to lactating mothers (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to infants vs vitamin D given to lactating mothers

Vitamin D deficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 30 nmol/L · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D given to infants changes vitamin D deficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 30 nmol/L compared with vitamin D given to lactating mothers (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to infants vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to infants may leads to lower vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to infants vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin D deficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 30 nmol/L · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D given to infants changes vitamin D deficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 30 nmol/L compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers may leads to lower vitamin D insufficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 50 nmol/L compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin D deficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 30 nmol/L · term breastfed infants to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve bone health

Vitamin D given to lactating mothers may leads to lower vitamin D deficiency: 25‐OH vitamin D < 30 nmol/L compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation vs no supplementation or placebo

Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal vitamin B12 deficiency compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop supplementation · pregnant women

Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Cancer occurrence · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D showed no clear difference in cancer occurrence compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review