Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

31 questions · 31 findings · 17 reviews

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No studies found 12 · 38.7%GRADE not reported 2 · 6.5%Very low 8 · 25.8%Low 5 · 16.1%Moderate 3 · 9.7%High 1 · 3.2%

Surgery vs no surgery

All‐cause mortality · participants with obesity

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery for weight loss in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 478 participants
Moderate

Surgery vs radiofrequency ablation

All‐cause mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma eligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether surgery changes all‐cause mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.8 [0.6, 1.08]
4 studies · 574 participants
Very low

Surgery vs radiofrequency ablation

Cancer‐related mortality at maximal · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma eligible for surgery

Surgery may leads to lower cancer‐related mortality at maximal compared with radiofrequency ablation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.35 [0.19, 0.65]
1 study · 230 participants
Low

Day‐surgery vs overnight stay surgery

Short term mortality · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

1 finding from 1 review

Day‐surgery versus overnight stay surgery for laparoscopic cholecystectomy 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 86 participants
Low

Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone

Total mortality · Adults with oropharyngeal cancer

Surgery showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with radiotherapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 years
HR 0.83 [0.09, 7.46]
1 study · 68 participants
Low

Surgery vs conservative treatment

Mortality ‐ not reported · participants with painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs no prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery

All‐cause mortality within 30 days of surgery · people with a low platelet count

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days of surgery compared with no prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.41, 1.45]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs no prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery

Mortality secondary to bleeding within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs no prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery

Mortality secondary to infection within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs no prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery

Mortality secondary to thromboembolism within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related postoperative mortality (28 days to 6 months of surgery4) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) leads to lower surgically‐related postoperative mortality (28 days to 6 months of… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for initial treatment in advanced… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.16 [0.06, 0.46]
5 studies · 1623 participants
High

Surgery vs Radiotherapy alone

Disease-free survival · Adults with oropharyngeal cancer

Surgery showed no clear difference in disease-free survival (new disease, progression, and mortality) compared with radiotherapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment 2023 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 years
HR 1.07 [0.27, 4.22]
1 study · 68 participants
Low

Surgery vs preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery

All‐cause mortality · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Open surgery vs ERCP

All‐cause mortality · with common bile duct stones

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical versus endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 733 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs alternative treatment

All‐cause mortality within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs alternative treatment

Mortality secondary to bleeding within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs alternative treatment

Mortality secondary to infection within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

All‐cause mortality · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery versus later commencement for length of… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.21, 1.52]
12 studies · 1179 participants
Low

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs alternative treatment

Mortality secondary to thromboembolism within 30 days of surgery – not reported · people with a low platelet count

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusions prior to surgery for people with a low platelet count 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures vs no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures (colloid, crystalloid, placebo, or no treatment)

All‐cause mortality up to 30 days № of participants: 72 (1 RCT) · patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery/invasive procedures

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive procedures changes all‐cause mortality up to 30 days № of participants: 72 (1 RCT) compared with no prophylactic plasma transfusion before surgery/invasive… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic plasma transfusion for patients without inherited bleeding disorders or anticoagulant use undergoing… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.13, 1.1]
Studies not reported
Very low