Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

607 questions · 641 findings · 77 reviews

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No studies found 114 · 17.8%GRADE not reported 25 · 3.9%Very low 170 · 26.5%Low 175 · 27.3%Moderate 123 · 19.2%High 34 · 5.3%

Intranasal corticosteroids vs placebo

Other adverse events · adults and children > 12 with non‐allergic rhinitis

Intranasal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in other adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal corticosteroids for non‐allergic rhinitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.87, 1.12]
3 studies · 1130 participants
Moderate

Adjunctive corticosteroids vs no such treatment

Death at 1 month (adults) · patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and HIV infection

Adjunctive corticosteroids leads to lower death at 1 month (adults) compared with no such treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.32, 0.98]
6 studies · 489 participants
High

Adjunctive corticosteroids vs no such treatment

Death at 3 to 4 months (adults) · patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and HIV infection

Adjunctive corticosteroids leads to lower death at 3 to 4 months (adults) compared with no such treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.41, 0.85]
5 studies · 448 participants
High

Adjunctive corticosteroids vs no such treatment

Death in hospital; children · patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and HIV infection

Adjunctive corticosteroids showed no clear difference in death in hospital; children compared with no such treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.51, 1.29]
1 study · 100 participants
Moderate

Adjunctive corticosteroids vs no such treatment

Need for mechanical ventilation · patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and HIV infection

Adjunctive corticosteroids probably leads to lower need for mechanical ventilation at 1 month compared with no such treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.2, 0.73]
3 studies · 388 participants
Moderate

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Complete remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete remission Time frame: 4 weeks compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.84, 1.5]
1 study · 114 participants
Moderate
Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.84, 1.38]
2 studies · 134 participants
Moderate

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Complete or partial remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission Time frame: 24 weeks to end of treatment compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.75, 1.12]
2 studies · 134 participants
Moderate

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Relapse · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in relapse Time frame: 24 weeks compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.43 [0.08, 2.25]
2 studies · 80 participants
Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Adverse events: death · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: death compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.12, 3.84]
1 study · 116 participants
Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Acute kidney injury · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: acute kidney injury compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.36]
1 study · 116 participants
Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Adverse events: new‐onset glucose intolerance · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: new‐onset glucose intolerance compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.08]
2 studies · 136 participants
Low

Anabolic steroids vs no intervention

Mortality at maximal · alcohol‐related disorders (others)

It is very uncertain whether anabolic steroids changes mortality at maximal compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.29 [0.7, 2.39]
2 studies · 248 participants
Very low

Anabolic steroids vs no intervention

Early mortality (mortality up to 90 days) · alcohol‐related disorders (others)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anabolic steroids vs no intervention

Serious adverse events (proportion) · alcohol‐related disorders (others)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anabolic steroids vs no intervention

Serious adverse events (number) · alcohol‐related disorders (others)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anabolic steroids vs no intervention

Health‐related quality of life · alcohol‐related disorders (others)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for alcoholic liver disease (alcohol‐related liver disease) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Complete remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete remission Time frame: 2 to 6 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.05]
8 studies · 492 participants
Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Complete or partial remission · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission time frame: 3 to 6 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.05]
4 studies · 269 participants
Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Relapse · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in relapse Time frame: 6 to 12 months compared with oral steroids alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.51, 1.03]
7 studies · 422 participants
Moderate

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Adverse effects: diabetes or hyperglycaemia · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse effects: diabetes or hyperglycaemia compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.19, 1.25]
7 studies · 450 participants
Low