Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of pain · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup (irritable bowel syndrome) Different measures were used to assess improvement in pain, as above. · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · patients with acute pancreatitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes all‐cause mortality compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome · patients with acute pancreatitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes systemic inflammatory response syndrome compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Organ failure · patients with acute pancreatitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes organ failure compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · patients with acute pancreatitis
Probiotics showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · patients with acute pancreatitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotics changes serious adverse events compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Occurrence of new cases of colic Measured by: Wessel/Rome III Criteria · infants without colic
Prophylactic probiotics showed no clear difference in occurrence of new cases of colic Measured by: Wessel/Rome III Criteria compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects Measured by: reporting · infants without colic
Prophylactic probiotics showed no clear difference in adverse effects Measured by: reporting compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Crying time at completion Measured in: minutes/day · infants without colic
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Global assessment of treatment success · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
Probiotics and osmotic laxative showed no clear difference in global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary studies compared with osmotic laxative (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
It is very uncertain whether probiotics and osmotic laxative changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with osmotic laxative (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of VAP · patients receiving mechanical ventilation
Per‐protocol analysis: probiotics may leads to lower incidence of VAP compared with control (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
ICU mortality · patients receiving mechanical ventilation
It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes ICU mortality compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital mortality · patients receiving mechanical ventilation
It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes hospital mortality compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Diarrhoea · patients receiving mechanical ventilation
It is very uncertain whether per‐protocol analysis: probiotics changes diarrhoea compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review