What do systematic reviews say?

Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 808 participants
  Moderate

Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy

Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: all included children… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.59, 1.12]
  4 studies · 943 participants
  Moderate

Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy

Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: children with renal… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.61, 1.03]
  4 studies · 681 participants
  Moderate

Oral stimulation vs non‐oral intervention

• Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 574 participants
  Very low

Oral vs intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

Oral showed no clear difference in clinical cure (short term: 5 to 15 days) compared with intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal… (moderate certainty).

• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.14 [0.91, 1.43]
  13 studies · 1859 participants
  Moderate
• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.77, 1.5]
  9 studies · 1042 participants
  Moderate

Oral vs intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

Oral probably leads to higher mycological cure (short term; 5 to 15 days) compared with intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal… (moderate certainty).

• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.24 [1.03, 1.5]
  19 studies · 3057 participants
  Moderate
• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.29 [1.05, 1.6]
  13 studies · 1661 participants
  Moderate

Oral vs intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  23 studies · 4637 participants
  High

Oral vs intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

Oral may leads to higher side effects (patient‐reported side effects) compared with intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal… (low certainty).

• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.04
  16 studies · 3155 participants
  Low

Oral vs intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 2206 participants
  Low

Oral vs intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1910 participants
  Low

Oral vs intra‐vaginal antifungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral versus intra‐vaginal imidazole and triazole anti‐fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 153 participants
  Low

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Very low

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines

Oral showed no clear difference in disease‐free survival compared with intravenous fluoropyrimidines (moderate certainty).

• Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.93 [0.87, 1]
  7 studies · 8903 participants
  Moderate

Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines

Oral may leads to lower grade ≥ 3 neutropenia/granulocytopenia compared with intravenous fluoropyrimidines (low certainty).

• Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.17 [0.15, 0.18]
  29 studies · 11794 participants
  Low

Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines

Oral showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with intravenous fluoropyrimidines (high certainty).

• Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.92 [0.84, 1]
  7 studies · 8902 participants
  High