Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

530 questions · 558 findings · 93 reviews

No studies found 151 · 27.1%GRADE not reported 38 · 6.8%Very low 175 · 31.4%Low 120 · 21.5%Moderate 52 · 9.3%High 22 · 3.9%

Intervention vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes exacerbations ‐ number of people experiencing one or more  compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing at least one exacerbation compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review