Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
284 questions · 338 findings · 43 reviews
No studies found 22 · 6.5%GRADE not reported 138 · 40.8%Very low 76 · 22.5%Low 66 · 19.5%Moderate 31 · 9.2%High 5 · 1.5%
Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K
Bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants
Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in bleeding complications: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.12 [0.01, 2.11]1 study · 54 participantsLow
Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K
Intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants
Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in intraventricular hemorrhage > Grade II: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.36 [0.04, 3.24]1 study · 54 participantsLow
Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K
Presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants
Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 5: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.36 [0.24, 7.57]1 study · 61 participantsLow
Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K
Presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants
Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in presence of PIVKA II at day 25: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.96 [0.06, 14.6]1 study · 53 participantsLow
Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K
Necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants
Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in necrotizing enterocolitis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.08 [0.16, 7.1]1 study · 54 participantsLow
Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K
Sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants
Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in sepsis: 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.86 [0.26, 2.86]1 study · 54 participantsLow
Higher dose vitamin K vs lower dose vitamin K
Mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM · preterm infants
Higher dose vitamin K showed no clear difference in mortality (all infants): 0.2 mg IM versus 0.5 mg IM compared with lower dose vitamin K (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Prophylactic vitamin K for the prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in preterm neonates 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 2.13 [0.6, 7.51]1 study · 65 participantsLow
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.02 [0.38, 2.72]3 studies · 83 participantsLow
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.68 [0.4, 1.13]3 studies · 83 participantsLow
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.62 [1, 2.65]4 studies · 103 participantsLow
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Postnatal growth failure · preterm or low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants
It is very uncertain whether early (less than seven days following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 4.6 [0.23, 90.84]1 study · 46 participantsVery low
Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake
Chronic lung disease · preterm or low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Higher number of lost teeth (per one additional lost tooth) vs Fewer lost teeth (continuous, per-tooth increment)
All-cause mortality (ACM) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies
Each additional lost tooth was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03) for all-cause mortality (11 studies, I2=89%), statistically significant; GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).
3 findings from 1 review
- Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death-Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival… 2021 All outcomesCommunity-based and clinical cohorts worldwide (all continents); events ascertained from medical records, death certificates/registers, or self-report · Multivariable-adjustedHR 1.02 [1.01, 1.03]11 studies · 4467321 participantsLow
- Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death-Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival… 2021 All outcomesCommunity-based and clinical cohorts worldwide (all continents); events ascertained from medical records, death certificates/registers, or self-report · CrudeHR 1.01 [1.00, 1.03]3 studies · 2219 participantsGRADE not reported
- Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death-Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival… 2021 All outcomesCommunity-based and clinical cohorts worldwide (all continents); events ascertained from medical records, death certificates/registers, or self-report · Adjusted for age/sexHR 1.02 [1.01, 1.04]5 studies · 4421245 participantsGRADE not reported
Higher number of lost teeth (per one additional lost tooth) vs Fewer lost teeth (continuous, per-tooth increment)
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies
Each additional lost tooth was associated with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03) for ACVD-related events (13 studies, I2=75%), statistically significant; GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).
3 findings from 1 review
- Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death-Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival… 2021 All outcomesCommunity-based and clinical cohorts worldwide (all continents); events ascertained from medical records, death certificates/registers, or self-report · Multivariable-adjustedHR 1.02 [1.01, 1.03]13 studies · 4639644 participantsLow
- Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death-Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival… 2021 All outcomesCommunity-based and clinical cohorts worldwide (all continents); events ascertained from medical records, death certificates/registers, or self-report · CrudeHR 1.01 [0.99, 1.03]1 study · 1385 participantsGRADE not reported
- Lower Number of Teeth Is Related to Higher Risks for ACVD and Death-Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Survival… 2021 All outcomesCommunity-based and clinical cohorts worldwide (all continents); events ascertained from medical records, death certificates/registers, or self-report · Adjusted for age/sexHR 1.01 [1.00, 1.03]7 studies · 4546574 participantsGRADE not reported
Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)
Stuntingc · children under 5 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)
Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age
Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.16 [1, 1.35]6 studies · 554 participantsLow
Vitamin D (higher dose) vs vitamin D (lower dose)
Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age
Vitamin D (higher dose) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.39 [0.89, 2.18]5 studies · 986 participantsLow