Stunting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Wasting · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
1 finding from 1 review
Overweight · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
It is very uncertain whether high‐protein formula changes overweight compared with standard‐protein formula (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Obesity · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
It is very uncertain whether high‐protein formula changes obesity compared with standard‐protein formula (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
High‐protein formula showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with standard‐protein formula (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Smoking cessation · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in smoking cessation ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 1.09 [0.93, 1.29]
5 studies · 1655 participants
Moderate
RR 1.19 [1, 1.41]
3 studies · 3446 participants
Moderate
RR 1.48 [1.06, 2.08]
1 study · 537 participants
Moderate
SAEs · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in overall SAEs ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24 hr patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Treatment withdrawal · people who smoke
Higher‐dose may leads to higher treatment withdrawals ‐ 42/44 mg versus 21/22 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) · people who smoke
Higher‐dose showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawals ‐ 21 mg versus 14 mg (24‐hour patches) compared with lower‐dose nicotine patch (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Deaths · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning
It is very uncertain whether higher dose changes deaths compared with lower dose (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intermediate syndrome · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning
It is very uncertain whether higher dose changes intermediate syndrome compared with lower dose (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ventilated · patients with acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning
It is very uncertain whether higher dose changes ventilated compared with lower dose (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RIFLE (Risk or worse) · patients with Intravascular Volume Depletion
High MW HES showed no clear difference in RIFLE (Risk or worse) compared with low MW HES (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RIFLE (Injury or worse) · patients with Intravascular Volume Depletion
High MW HES showed no clear difference in RIFLE (Injury or worse) compared with low MW HES (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RIFLE (Failure) · patients with Intravascular Volume Depletion
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Very high income (GNI >$25,000)
MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · High income (GNI $15,001-25,000)
MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Middle income (GNI <=$15,000)
MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Overall survival at 5‐year · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer
High‐dose chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival at 5‐year compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Event‐free survival · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer
High‐dose chemotherapy showed no clear difference in event‐free survival at 5‐year compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment‐related mortality · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer
High‐dose chemotherapy leads to higher treatment‐related mortality compared with chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review