Cochrane · systematic review · CD013758
Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed term infants
Gonzalez-Garay, AG, Serralde-Zúñiga, AE, Medina Vera, I, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023 · Cochrane Library
NeonatalAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
14
current version
GRADE rated
10
No studies
4
Included studies
NR
No studies 4 · 28.6%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 8 · 57.1%Low 2 · 14.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
High‐protein formula versus standard‐protein formula in healthy term infants
Population: healthy, full‐term, formula‐fed infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Underweight (weight‐for‐age z‐score) High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1629 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Stunting (height‐for‐age z‐score) High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1629 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Wasting (weight‐for‐height z‐score) High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1629 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Overweight High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula | RR 1.26 [0.63, 2.51] | 1 study · 1090 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Obesity High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula | RR 1.96 [0.59, 6.48] | 1 study · 1090 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
All‐cause mortality High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse events High‐protein formula vs standard‐protein formula | RR 0.93 [0.76, 1.13] | 4 studies · 445 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Standard‐protein formula versus low‐protein formula in healthy term infants
Population: healthy, full‐term (37 to 42 weeks), formula‐fed infants
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Underweight (weight‐for‐age z‐score) Standard‐protein formula vs low‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 256 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Stunting (height‐for‐age z‐score) Standard‐protein formula vs low‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 256 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Wasting (weight‐for‐height z‐score) Standard‐protein formula vs low‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 256 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Overweight Standard‐protein formula vs low‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Obesity Standard‐protein formula vs low‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
All‐cause mortality Standard‐protein formula vs low‐protein formula | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse events Standard‐protein formula vs low‐protein formula | Peto OR 1.55 [0.7, 3.4] | 2 studies · 206 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |