What do systematic reviews say?

Early vs late tracheostomy

Early showed no clear difference in ventilator‐associated pneumonia compared with late tracheostomy (low certainty).

• Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.23, 5.2]
  1 study · 150 participants
  Low

Early vs late tracheostomy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late tracheostomy

• Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 150 participants
  Low

Early vs late tracheostomy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early versus late tracheostomy in critically ill COVID‐19 patients 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

It is very uncertain whether early changes use of IPPV before discharge compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (very low certainty).

• Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.43, 1.38]
  4 studies · 119 participants
  Very low

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Early showed no clear difference in air leak (pneumothorax) compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (low certainty).

• Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.39, 3.04]
  3 studies · 98 participants
  Low

Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

It is very uncertain whether early changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (very low certainty).

• Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.42 [0.1, 20.49]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Early showed no clear difference in necrotising enterocolitis stage 2 or 3 compared with late fortification of human milk (low certainty).

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.36 [0.44, 4.16]
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Early showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with late fortification of human milk (low certainty).

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.81, 1.39]
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Early vs late fortification of human milk

Early showed no clear difference in proportion of infants with feed interruption episodes compared with late fortification of human milk (low certainty).

• Early fortification of human milk versus late fortification to promote growth in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.73, 1.34]
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low

Early vs deferred AST

Early probably leads to lower time to death of any cause (here: all‐cause mortality at 5 years) compared with deferred AST (moderate certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.82 [0.75, 0.9]
  10 studies · 4767 participants
  Moderate

Early vs deferred AST

Early showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with deferred AST (low certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.95, 1.16]
  5 studies · 10575 participants
  Low

Early vs deferred AST

Early probably leads to lower time to death from prostate cancer (here: prostate cancer mortality… compared with deferred AST (moderate certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.69 [0.57, 0.84]
  7 studies · 3677 participants
  Moderate

Early vs deferred AST

Early may leads to lower skeletal events compared with deferred AST (low certainty).

• Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.17, 0.8]
  3 studies · 2209 participants
  Low