Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

27 questions · 28 findings · 5 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 6 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 7.1%Low 9 · 32.1%Moderate 7 · 25%High 4 · 14.3%

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (a) Birth prior to 37 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (b) Birth prior to 34 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Low birthweight · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at… compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in severe maternal morbidity and mortality index compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo (outcomes

Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review