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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
50 questions in 14 reviews · Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the CNS
current versionsNo studies 50 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Intervention (no. of studies/participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins,… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Placebo · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins,… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Intervention (no. of studies/participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Placebo · Patients with RRMS Interventions: alemtuzumab, azathriopine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Intervention (no. of studies/participants) Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Placebo Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Intervention (no. of studies and participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Placebo · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Intervention (no. of studies/participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod,… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Placebo · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod,… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Intervention (no. of studies/participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Placebo · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Alemtuzumab, cladribine, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, fingolimod, glatiramer… Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alemtuzumab 24 mg vs interferon beta‐1a New or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions · adults with multiple sclerosis Alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alemtuzumab 12 mg vs interferon beta‐1a New or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions Assessed by: number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions · adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis Alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ocrelizumab vs placebo Number of participants with gadolinium‐enhancing T1 lesions on MRI · people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis Ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ocrelizumab vs placebo Number of participants with new or enlarging T2‐hyperintense lesions on MRI · people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis Ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rituximab as 'first choice' vs other disease‐modifying treatments Comparison intervention · relapsing multiple sclerosis Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rituximab as 'first choice' vs placebo Quality of life · primary progressive multiple sclerosis Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rituximab as 'switching' vs placebo Disability worsening · relapsing multiple sclerosis Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rituximab as 'switching' vs placebo Quality of life · relapsing multiple sclerosis Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rituximab as 'first choice' vs other disease‐modifying treatments — · relapsing multiple sclerosis Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rituximab as 'switching' vs other disease‐modifying treatments Comparison intervention · relapsing multiple sclerosis Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Rituximab as 'switching' vs other disease‐modifying treatments — · relapsing multiple sclerosis Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) MRI activity ‐ not measured · adults with multiple sclerosis, defined by established criteria Dietary interventions for multiple sclerosis‐related outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · participants with hydrocephalus Ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting devices for hydrocephalus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard valve vs self‐adjusting CSF flow‐regulating valve Quality of life · participants with hydrocephalus Ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting devices for hydrocephalus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
External differential programmable pressure valve vs non‐programmable valves Mortality In the early postoperative period (≤30 days) · participants with hydrocephalus Ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting devices for hydrocephalus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
External differential programmable pressure valve vs non‐programmable valves Mortality Beyond the early postoperative period (>30 days) · participants with hydrocephalus Ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting devices for hydrocephalus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
External differential programmable pressure valve vs non‐programmable valves Quality of life · participants with hydrocephalus Ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting devices for hydrocephalus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Standard valve vs anti‐syphon valve Quality of life · participants with hydrocephalus Ventriculo‐peritoneal shunting devices for hydrocephalus (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control (post‐intervention) Quality of life · people with multiple sclerosis (including people with relapsing‐remitting, secondary progressive or primary… Interventions for preventing falls in people with multiple sclerosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Palliative care vs usual care Fatigue ‐ Not reported at long term · Adults people with multiple sclerosis (including RRMS, SPMS, PPMS, PRMS)1 Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Palliative care vs usual care Disability ‐ Not reported at long term · Adults people with multiple sclerosis (including RRMS, SPMS, PPMS, PRMS)1 Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Palliative care vs usual care Anxiety ‐ Not reported at long term · Adults people with multiple sclerosis (including RRMS, SPMS, PPMS, PRMS)1 Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Palliative care vs usual care Depression ‐ Not reported at long term · Adults people with multiple sclerosis (including RRMS, SPMS, PPMS, PRMS)1 Palliative care interventions for people with multiple sclerosis (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Information provision vs (optimised) standard care Outcomes (see also Table 3) · people with multiple sclerosis Information provision for people with multiple sclerosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypnosis vs relaxation control BPI: Brief Pain Inventory · chronic pain in MS Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fingolimod 0.5 mg vs placebo Outcomes at 24 months · people with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis Fingolimod for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fingolimod 0.5 mg vs interferon beta‐1a Outcomes at 12 months · people with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis Fingolimod for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in other outcomes · People with multiple sclerosis Telerehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Change in participation · People with multiple sclerosis Telerehabilitation for persons with multiple sclerosis (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Comparison intervention Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR placebo Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR IFNß‐1a (Avonex) Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR IFNß‐1a (Rebif) Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR IFNß‐1b (Betaseron) Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Glatiramer acetate Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR IFNß‐1a Avonex Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Statins plus beta interferon vs beta interferon Number of participants with progression at 12 months3 ‐ not reported · multiple sclerosis Statins for multiple sclerosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Statins plus beta interferon vs beta interferon Number of participants with new T2 or GELs at 24 months3 ‐ not reported · multiple sclerosis Statins for multiple sclerosis (2011) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |