Cochrane · systematic review · CD012622
Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis
Amatya, B, Young, J, Khan, F · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2018 · Cochrane Library
Multiple Sclerosis and Rare Diseases of the CNSAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
28
current version
GRADE rated
27
No studies
1
Included studies
NR
No studies 1 · 3.6%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 27 · 96.4%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) compared to Sham for Chronic Back Pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic back pain in MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in pain intensity Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in disability Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Quality of Life Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Ai Chi Exercises compared to Sham for Chronic Musculoskeletal pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic musculoskeletal pain in people with MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in pain intensity Ai Chi Exercises vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in disability Ai Chi Exercises vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Quality of Life Ai Chi Exercises vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in Fatigue Ai Chi Exercises vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 73 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) compared to Sham for Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic neuropathic pain in MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in Pain Intensity Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in fatigue Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in depression and anxiety Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 35 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Improvement in QoL Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS)compared to Sham for Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic neuropathic pain in MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in pain | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in anxiety and depression | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in fatigue | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Telephone‐Delivered Education Group compared to Sham for Chronic pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic pain in MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in pain interference, depression,fatigu e Telephone‐Delivered Education Group vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 163 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Improvement in pain, self efficacy,patient activation, health‐related quality of life, social role satisfaction,resilience,positive and negative affect Telephone‐Delivered Education Group vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 163 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Hypnosis compared to relaxation control for chronic pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic pain in MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in pain intensity Hypnosis vs relaxation control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in pain interference Hypnosis vs relaxation control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
BPI: Brief Pain Inventory Hypnosis vs relaxation control | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Neurofeedback compared to relaxation control for chronic pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic pain in MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in pain Intensity Neurofeedback vs relaxation control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in fatigue Neurofeedback vs relaxation control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in pain interference Neurofeedback vs relaxation control | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reflexology compared to Sham for Chronic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Population: chronic pain in MS
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Reduction in pain Reflexology vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 110 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in disability Reflexology vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Improvement in Quality of Life Reflexology vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in Fatigue Reflexology vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in depression Reflexology vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |
Reduction in Spasms Reflexology vs Sham | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias |