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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
149 questions in 26 reviews · Back and Neck
current versionsNo studies 149 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Exercise therapy vs sham/placebo treatment Perceived recovery · acute non‐specific LBP Exercise therapy for treatment of acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs sham/placebo treatment Adverse events · acute non‐specific LBP Exercise therapy for treatment of acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs no treatment Perceived recovery · acute non‐specific LBP Exercise therapy for treatment of acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs no treatment Adverse events · acute non‐specific LBP Exercise therapy for treatment of acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
McKenzie therapy vs manual therapy Adverse events · patients with non‐specific acute and subacute low back pain The McKenzie method for (sub)acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
McKenzie therapy vs other interventions Pain intensity: short‐term (closest to 2 weeks) · patients with non‐specific acute and subacute low back pain The McKenzie method for (sub)acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
McKenzie therapy vs other interventions Pain intensity: intermediate‐term (closest to 3 months) · patients with non‐specific acute and subacute low back pain The McKenzie method for (sub)acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
McKenzie therapy vs other interventions Adverse events · patients with non‐specific acute and subacute low back pain The McKenzie method for (sub)acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
McKenzie therapy vs minimal intervention Adverse events · patients with non‐specific acute and subacute low back pain The McKenzie method for (sub)acute non‐specific low back pain (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs sham yoga Back‐specific functional status · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs exercise Outcomesa · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs sham yoga Pain · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs exercise Depression · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs sham yoga Physical quality of life · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs sham yoga Mental quality of life · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs sham yoga Depression · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs sham yoga Adverse events · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Yoga vs non‐exercise Outcomesa · people with chronic non‐specific low back pain Yoga for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo Participants who underwent surgery · people with non‐radicular low back pain Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo Participants who experienced a serious adverse event · people with non‐radicular low back pain Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo Participants who experienced any adverse event · people with spinal stenosis Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Exercise treatment vs other conservative treatments *The anticipated absolute effects without exercise come from the range of outcomes at Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise alone Overall improvement or satisfaction · adults with chronic low back pain Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise alone Disability · adults with chronic low back pain Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise alone Adverse events · adults with chronic low back pain Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic ultrasound vs placebo Disability · adults with chronic low back pain Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Therapeutic ultrasound plus exercise vs exercise alone Pain intensity Scale: VAS (number of responders at 30% reduction of pain) · adults with chronic low back pain Therapeutic ultrasound for chronic low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs non‐selective NSAIDs Return to work (%) · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with acute low back pain (LBP) Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no treatment Quality of life (QoL) physical health, mental health · chronic nonspecific low back pain Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs no treatment Adverse events Self‐reported · chronic nonspecific low back pain Acupuncture for chronic nonspecific low back pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs sham TENS Disability ‐ not reported · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with chronic neck pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) vs sham TENS Adverse events ‐ not reported · adults (≥ 18 years of age) with chronic neck pain Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic neck pain (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation vs other treatment Adverse events · Subacute low back pain Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multidiscipinary rehabilitation vs usual care Adverse events · Subacute low back pain Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multidisciplinary rehabilitation vs other treatment Return‐to‐work at long‐term · Subacute low back pain Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for subacute low back pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Back School vs medical care Work status Not reported · people with low back pain Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Back School vs passive physiotherapy Work status Not reported · people with low back pain. Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Back School vs exercise Work status Not reported · people with low back pain Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Back School vs no treatment Work status Not reported · people with low back pain Back Schools for chronic non‐specific low back pain (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · patients with acute LBP Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events None of the included studies evaluated adverse events · patients with acute low back pain Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manipulation (cervical) vs oral medicine PAIN · patients with acute and subacute neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control FUNCTION · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control QUALITY OF LIFE (QoL) · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Manipulation vs mobilisation PAIN · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |