Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Every word you type has to appear somewhere in the question, and the closest matches are ranked first.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

15,213 questions in 2,394 reviews

current versions
No studies 15,213 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Intervention NR
Resource use · a) pharmaceutical companies, b) community health centre staff, c) health service users
Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Healthcare and health outcomes · a) pharmaceutical companies, b) community health centre staff, c) health service users
Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Resource use · doctors
Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Healthcare and health outcomes · doctors
Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse effects · health professionals
Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intracystic bleomycin vs other types of intracystic treatment
Survival · cystic craniopharyngiomas in children from birth to 18 years old
Intracystic bleomycin for cystic craniopharyngiomas in children (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse events 1 mg morphine vs 2 mg morphinePercentage of participants with any adverse event · patients undergoing knee arthroscopy
Single dose intra‐articular morphine for pain control after knee arthroscopy (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse events 1 mg morphine vs 4 mg/5 mg morphinePercentage of participants with any adverse event · patients undergoing knee arthroscopy
Single dose intra‐articular morphine for pain control after knee arthroscopy (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IA morphine vs IM morphine
Analgesia durationtime duration from the end of surgery to the time of first analgesic consumption. Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients undergoing knee arthroscopy
Single dose intra‐articular morphine for pain control after knee arthroscopy (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
IA morphine vs IM morphine
Adverse eventsPercentage of participants with any adverse event · patients undergoing knee arthroscopy
Single dose intra‐articular morphine for pain control after knee arthroscopy (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
External inspection of compliance with COHSASA hospital accreditation standards vs no external inspection
Mortality and condition‐specific measures of outcome related to patients' health
External inspection of compliance with standards for improved healthcare outcomes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
External inspection of compliance with COHSASA hospital accreditation standards vs no external inspection
Unanticipated/adverse consequences
External inspection of compliance with standards for improved healthcare outcomes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
External inspection of compliance with COHSASA hospital accreditation standards vs no external inspection
Costs and cost effectiveness
External inspection of compliance with standards for improved healthcare outcomes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Unanticipated/adverse consequences
External inspection of compliance with standards for improved healthcare outcomes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Costs and cost effectiveness
External inspection of compliance with standards for improved healthcare outcomes (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Omega‐3 PUFA supplements vs placebo
Memory ‐ not measured · people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
Omega‐3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
CHM vs HT
Outcomesa · Women with menopausal symptoms
Chinese herbal medicine for menopausal symptoms (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
GM‐CSF vs placebo
Time to progression to AML · newly diagnosed patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Granulocyte and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factors for newly diagnosed patients with… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
GM‐CSF vs placebo
Quality of life · newly diagnosed patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Granulocyte and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factors for newly diagnosed patients with… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
G‐CSF vs placebo
Quality of life · newly diagnosed patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Granulocyte and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factors for newly diagnosed patients with… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
G‐CSF vs placebo
Severe adverse events · newly diagnosed patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Granulocyte and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factors for newly diagnosed patients with… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fingolimod 0.5 mg vs placebo
Outcomes at 24 months · people with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Fingolimod for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Fingolimod 0.5 mg vs interferon beta‐1a
Outcomes at 12 months · people with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Fingolimod for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Standardised tests of reading, writing, spelling or mathematics skills (overall) · children with specific learning disorders
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Mortality · patients with venous leg ulcers
Oral aspirin for treating venous leg ulcers (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Manual acupressure vs routine care
Pain1 Not measured · patients with end‐stage kidney disease
Acupuncture and related interventions for symptoms of chronic kidney disease (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intravenous midazolam vs placebo
Incomplete procedures · adults requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intravenous midazolam vs placebo
Anterograde amnesia (defined by number of participants who recalled the procedure) · adults requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intravenous midazolam vs placebo
Disinhibition or excitation · adults requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intravenous midazolam vs placebo
Allergic or anaphylactoid reaction · adults requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Oral midazolam vs chloral hydrate
Anterograde amnesia (defined by number of participants who recalled the procedure) · children requiring sedation before procedures that require motion control, including echocardiography, lumbar…
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Oral midazolam vs chloral hydrate
Disinhibition or excitation · children requiring sedation before procedures that require motion control, including echocardiography, lumbar…
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Oral midazolam vs chloral hydrate
Discomfort · children requiring sedation before procedures that require motion control, including echocardiography, lumbar…
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Oral midazolam vs chloral hydrate
Allergic or anaphylactoid reaction · children requiring sedation before procedures that require motion control, including echocardiography, lumbar…
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Oral midazolam vs placebo
Anterograde amnesia (defined by number of participants who recalled the procedure) · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing…
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Oral midazolam vs placebo
Disinhibition or excitation · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing…
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Oral midazolam vs placebo
Allergic or anaphylactoid reaction · children requiring sedation before micturating cystourethrograms and Kirschner wire removal and adults undergoing…
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal midazolam vs placebo
Anterograde amnesia (defined by number of participants who recalled the procedure) · Children requiring sedation before voiding cystourethrograms and adults undergoing MRI
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal midazolam vs placebo
Disinhibition or excitation · Children requiring sedation before voiding cystourethrograms and adults undergoing MRI
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal midazolam vs placebo
Discomfort/pain · Children requiring sedation before voiding cystourethrograms and adults undergoing MRI
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intranasal midazolam vs placebo
Allergic or anaphylactoid reaction · Children requiring sedation before voiding cystourethrograms and adults undergoing MRI
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intravenous midazolam vs diazepam
Disinhibition or excitation · adults and children requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intravenous midazolam vs diazepam
Allergic or anaphylactoid reaction · adults and children requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy
Midazolam for sedation before procedures (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Improvement in nutritional intake · participants with schizophrenia
Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Change in measures of nutritional status: weight (kg), body mass index (kg/ m2), and waist/ hip ratio (cms) · participants with schizophrenia
Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Mental state · participants with schizophrenia
Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Clinically important adverse effects · participants with schizophrenia
Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Measures of physiological function · participants with schizophrenia
Dietary advice for people with schizophrenia (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings for all doses of nasal decongestant vs placebo
Secondary outcome: All adverse events · adult patients with the common cold
Nasal decongestants in monotherapy for the common cold (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Overall survival · people diagnosed with chemotherapy‐induced anemia
The role of iron in the management of chemotherapy‐induced anemia in cancer patients receiving… (2016) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies