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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
175 questions in 21 reviews · cluster CL0065
current versionsNo studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 170 · 97.1%Very low 2 · 1.1%Low 1 · 0.6%Moderate 0 · 0%High 2 · 1.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Intervention categories, outcome domains and clusters are a proposed key pending human validation. Clear all filters
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Region: Central/South America A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | MEAN 3.08 [2.42, 3.74] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Overall (all regions) A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | MEAN 3.68 [2.99, 4.37] | 60 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · GNI $20000-$39999 A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | MEAN 1.13 [0.72, 1.55] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · GNI $10000-$19999 A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 55 [42, 68] | 9 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Gini index: low inequality A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 39 | NR | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Life expectancy: highest (>80 years) A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 28 | NR | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · GNI $5000-$9999 A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 53 [41, 65] | 14 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Region: Europe A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | MEAN 2.26 [0.69, 3.82] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Region: Middle East A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 72 [58, 85] | 7 studies | Ungraded |
Institutionalization (living in an orphanage/institution) vs Parented children living with their families Primary-teeth caries experience (dmf/dmft, mean score) · Institutionalized orphan children (roughly 3 to 18 years) · Overall (pooled) Caries in orphan children: prevalence and determinants-a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2024) | MD 0.64 [-0.74, 2.01] | 4 studies · 1028 participants | Very low |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Region: North America A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 57 [36, 77] | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Region: Central/South America A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 34 [20, 48] | 6 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · GNI $20000-$39999 A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 30 [22, 38] | 11 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence (%, dmft>0) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · GNI <$5000 A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | Prevalence 57 [47, 67] | 19 studies | Ungraded |
Not applicable (single-group prevalence) vs Not applicable (single-group prevalence) Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Children younger than 71 months (under 6 years) · Life expectancy: >80 years A systematic review and meta-analysis on early-childhood-caries global data. (2024) | MEAN 1.34 | NR | Ungraded |
Growth stunting (linear growth retardation, low height-for-age) vs Children without growth stunting (normal height-for-age) Early childhood caries (def-t/dmft caries experience) · Children in early childhood (0-6 years) · Folayan et al. 2019 (Nigeria; adjusted, model 3) The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. (2023) | APR 0.14 [0.03, 0.69] | 1 study · 370 participants | Ungraded |
Growth stunting (linear growth retardation, low height-for-age) vs Children without growth stunting (normal height-for-age) Early childhood caries (def-t/dmft caries experience) · Children in early childhood (0-6 years) · Vieira et al. 2020 (Brazil) The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. (2023) | Correlation (r) -0.091 | 1 study · 82 participants | Ungraded |
Growth stunting (linear growth retardation, low height-for-age) vs Children without growth stunting (normal height-for-age) Early childhood caries (def-t/dmft caries experience) · Children in early childhood (0-6 years) · 2-year follow-up, Sokal-Gutierrez et al. 2016 (Ecuador; pre vs post intervention) The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. (2023) | Pre/post ECC prevalence, dmft, and deep-caries proportion (2-year follow-up) Age 1: prevalence 53.8% to 30.3%, dmft 2.1 to 0.9; Age 2: prevalence 82% to 60%, dmft 5.3 to 3.0, deep caries 19% to 12% (pre vs post) | 1 study · 1575 participants | Ungraded |
Growth stunting (linear growth retardation, low height-for-age) vs Children without growth stunting (normal height-for-age) Early childhood caries (def-t/dmft caries experience) · Children in early childhood (0-6 years) · Achmad et al. 2020 (Indonesia) The bi-directional relationship between growth stunting and early childhood caries: a rapid review. (2023) | MEAN 7.37 | 1 study · 208 participants | Ungraded |
Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs No cleft lip and/or palate (non-CL/P) Caries experience in the primary dentition (dmft/dmfs/dfs/deft/ds; pooled as standardized mean difference) · Children in the primary dentition with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and comparable children without CL/P · Primary and mixed dentition Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022) | SMD 0.09 [-0.59, 0.76] | 5 studies · 708 participants | Ungraded |
Isolated cleft palate (CP) or other specific cleft type vs Cleft lip and palate (CLP) or other cleft type Caries experience by cleft type · Children in the primary dentition with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022) | Five studies investigated caries experience by cleft type (Howe 2017; Kirchberg 2014; Mutarai 2008; Sunderji 2017; Zhu 2010). A subgroup analysis comparing CP and CL/P as different entities was not possible due to the… | 5 studies | Ungraded |
Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs No cleft lip and/or palate (non-CL/P) Caries experience in the primary dentition (dmft/dmfs/dfs/deft/ds; pooled as standardized mean difference) · Children in the primary dentition with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and comparable children without CL/P · Mixed dentition Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022) | SMD 1.74 [0.24, 3.25] | 4 studies · 789 participants | Ungraded |
Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs No cleft lip and/or palate (non-CL/P) Caries experience in the primary dentition (dmft/dmfs/dfs/deft/ds; pooled as standardized mean difference) · Children in the primary dentition with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and comparable children without CL/P · Primary dentition Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022) | SMD 0.27 [0.06, 0.49] | 10 studies · 2366 participants | Ungraded |
Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs No cleft lip and/or palate (non-CL/P) Caries experience in the primary dentition (dmft/dmfs/dfs/deft/ds; pooled as standardized mean difference) · Children in the primary dentition with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and comparable children without CL/P · Overall (all dentition groups) Caries in children with and without orofacial clefting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022) | SMD 0.46 [0.15, 0.77] | 16 studies · 3863 participants | Ungraded |
High snack consumption vs Low snack consumption Mean DMFT · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | ARR 1.46 [1.26, 1.70] | 1 study · 1036 participants | Ungraded |
Private day care vs Public day care Mean dmft · Preschool children in Sharjah day cares · Private day-care residents Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 8.1 | 1 study · 435 participants | Ungraded |
Emirati nationality vs Non-Emirati nationality Mean dmft · Preschool children in Abu Dhabi nurseries · Emirati children Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 2.60 | 1 study · 186 participants | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Mean dmft · Preschool children attending Al Ain pediatric dentistry department · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 10.9 | 1 study · 176 participants | Ungraded |
Arab ethnicity vs Reference ethnicity not stated Mean DMFT · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Regression coefficient 0.74 [0.32, 1.17] | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Mean dmft/DMFT · School children aged 15-17 years in Dubai schools · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 2.70 | 1 study · 2063 participants | Ungraded |
Special health care needs vs Not applicable Mean dmft/DMFT · Arab children with special health care needs in Ras Al Khaimah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 5.67 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Mean dmft/DMFT · School children aged 12-14 years in Dubai schools · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 1.83 | 1 study · 2237 participants | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Mean DMFT · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 3.19 | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Incarcerated mother vs Comparison children Mean dmft · Preschool children of incarcerated mothers in UAE prison nurseries · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 4.97 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Snacking at least 3 times daily vs Snacking once daily Mean DMFT · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | ARR 1.25 [1.00, 1.57] | 1 study · 1036 participants | Ungraded |
Preterm birth vs Full-term birth Mean DMFT · Preterm children aged 5-10 years in Dubai · Preterm children Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 1.00 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Higher paternal education vs Lower paternal education Mean DMFT · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Regression coefficient -0.35 [-0.53, -0.17] | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Systemic sclerosis (SSc / scleroderma) vs SSc-free individuals (controls) DMFT index · Adults (general and hospital populations assessed in case-control studies) Oral manifestations of patients with systemic sclerosis: a meta-analysis for case-controlled studies. (2021) | SMD -0.025 [-0.296, 0.247] | 3 studies | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Mean dmft · Five-year-old preschool children in Sharjah · Males Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 6.41 | 1 study · 403 participants | Ungraded |
Soft drink consumption vs Reference consumption not stated Mean DMFT · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Regression coefficient 0.31 [0.14, 0.47] | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Cerebral palsy vs Healthy age- and sex-matched controls Mean DMFT · Children with cerebral palsy in Dubai · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 2.83 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Highest plaque category vs Lowest plaque category DMFT (association with plaque) · Children aged 5-6 years in Ajman schools · Highest versus lowest plaque category Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | ARR 4.77 [3.67, 6.19] | 1 study · 1036 participants | Ungraded |
Emirati nationality vs Non-Emirati nationality Mean dmft, overall · Preschool children in Abu Dhabi nurseries · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 1.68 | 1 study · 186 participants | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Mean dmft/DMFT · School children aged 5-7 years in Dubai schools · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 3.87 | 1 study · 1317 participants | Ungraded |
Beta-thalassemia major vs Healthy Emirati children Mean DMFT · Children with beta-thalassemia major in Dubai · Children with beta-thalassemia major Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 1.49 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Observed population vs Not applicable Mean dmft · Emirati preschool children in Ras Al Khaimah nurseries · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 3.07 [2.81, 3.34] | 1 study · 540 participants | Ungraded |
Older age vs Younger age Mean DMFT · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Regression coefficient 0.42 [0.27, 0.567] | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Female sex vs Male sex Mean DMFT · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah · Overall Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | Regression coefficient 0.41 [0.01, 0.81] | 1 study · 803 participants | Ungraded |
Down syndrome vs Healthy controls Mean DMFT · Children with Down syndrome in Dubai · Children with Down syndrome Oral Health of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade. (2021) | MEAN 2.73 | 1 study | Ungraded |
Illicit drug use vs People who do not use drugs DMFT index (dental caries experience) · People who use drugs (PWUD): methamphetamine, heroin, opiate, cannabis and cocaine users Dental caries and periodontal disease among people who use drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2020) | OR 4.11 [2.07, 8.15] | 7 studies | Ungraded |