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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,556 questions · 10,375 findings · 429 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 1,344 · 13%GRADE not reported 6,832 · 65.9%Very low 1,228 · 11.8%Low 613 · 5.9%Moderate 290 · 2.8%High 68 · 0.7%

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Gum chewing (sugar-free) vs No chewing gum

Salivary flow rate · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth

Across 19 studies the effect of gum chewing on stimulated and/or unstimulated salivary flow rate was mixed (9 positive, 10 no effect); this broad outcome was not meta-analyzed.

1 finding from 1 review

Multivariable caries prediction model vs Alternative prediction model(s) within the same study, or no formal comparator (models compared descriptively; no between-model statistical test)

Predictive performance for coronal caries increment (negative likelihood ratio, LR-) · Children and adolescents (aged 2-19) at risk of coronal caries increment (caries onset or progression)

Some developmental coronal-caries models achieved useful negative likelihood ratios (LR-<=0.20), but performance varied widely; no pooled estimate; ungraded.

2 findings from 1 review
  • Multivariable prediction models of caries increment: a systematic review and critical appraisal. 2023 All outcomes
    Follow-up >=1 year (included studies 1-5 years) · Oral health care; children/adolescents; no geographical restriction · Model development studies
    No meta-analysis. Per-model LR- (Table 2) for the 8 development studies ranged roughly 0.11-0.94 (e.g. Angulo 0.94, Demers 0.14-0.40, Gao 2010 0.11-0.30). Overall across all 66 models LR- ranged 0.0-1.1; LR-<=0.20…
    8 studies
    GRADE not reported
  • Multivariable prediction models of caries increment: a systematic review and critical appraisal. 2023 All outcomes
    Follow-up >=1 year (included studies 1-5 years) · Oral health care; children/adolescents; no geographical restriction · Model validation studies
    No meta-analysis. Per-model LR- (Table 2) across the 9 validation studies ranged from about 0.14 to 1.13 (e.g. Gao 2013 NUS-CRA 0.26, CAMBRA 0.14-0.31, CAT up to ~1.10; Campus 0.20; Pang 2020 low-risk 1.13). Overall…
    9 studies
    GRADE not reported

Low‐level laser therapy vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Discomfort/pain · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment

It is very uncertain whether low level laser therapy (LLLT) changes patient perception of pain and discomfort (VAS 0 to 100 mm) compared with conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether hawley removable retainer changes stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) compared with clear plastic removable retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

P11-4 + fluoride varnish vs Fluoride varnish

Remineralization / reduction in lesion severity (change in QLF, laser fluorescence, or lesion area) · Patients with white spot lesions / early caries lesions (WSLs/ECLs), including orthodontic and non-orthodontic lesions, active caries…

P11-4 plus fluoride varnish was significantly better than fluoride varnish alone (SMD -0.71, 95% CI -1.13 to -0.29); certainty of evidence not assessed (no GRADE).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Duration of orthodontic treatment during alignment stage · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment

It is very uncertain whether low level laser therapy (LLLT) changes duration of orthodontic treatment during alignment stage compared with conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) vs Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L)

Dental caries · Children (<19 years)

Children with vitamin D deficiency had a 22% higher risk of dental caries than those with normal vitamin D levels (unadjusted RR 1.22; ungraded).

5 findings from 1 review
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Upper clear plastic retainer + lower fixed canine-to-canine retainer vs Positioner

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

Upper clear plastic retainer + lower fixed canine-to-canine retainer led to lower stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) compared with positioner; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intraglandular botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection vs placebo injection

Reduction in frequency and severity of drooling · Adults with Parkinson's disease and sialorrhea (drooling)

Type A botulinum toxin significantly reduced DSFS scores versus placebo (SMD -0.80, 95% CI -1.25 to -0.36; ungraded subgroup).

3 findings from 1 review

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) vs Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L)

Dental caries · Children with permanent dentition (>12 years)

In children with permanent dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 28% higher caries risk (RR 1.28; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium hydroxide (CH) vs Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth of mixed/unspecified root maturation

In mixed-maturation teeth, the effect of MTA versus calcium hydroxide on success is very uncertain (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.17-7.11; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Resin sealant (one-time) vs Control (water)

New coronal caries in permanent molars (caries prevention) · Children with dental caries in permanent (first) molars

Resin sealant gave a 65% prevented fraction (fissure site) vs water, the highest fissure-site value (p<0.002; ungraded).

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) vs Normal vitamin D level (serum 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L)

Dental caries · Children with deciduous dentition (<6 years)

In children with deciduous dentition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 68% higher caries risk (RR 1.68; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review