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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,317 questions · 75,239 findings · 5,342 reviews

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No studies found 15,213 · 20.2%GRADE not reported 10,323 · 13.7%Very low 17,528 · 23.3%Low 17,951 · 23.9%Moderate 11,190 · 14.9%High 3,034 · 4%

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Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Blank control

Plaque · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)

CPC mouthwash may reduce plaque-related indexes versus blank control in the short term, but the evidence is very uncertain (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SDF plus potassium iodide vs Split into two contrasts: (1) TCS paste (arrest 100%); (2) CPP-ACP (arrest 100%); SDF+KI arrest 54.8% at 24 months, p<.001

Caries arrest · Patients with early enamel carious lesions on permanent molars

SDF plus potassium iodide arrested 54.8% of early enamel lesions at 24 months; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating was reported.

1 finding from 1 review

P11-4 + fluoride varnish vs CPP-ACP

Remineralization / reduction in lesion severity (change in QLF, laser fluorescence, or lesion area) · People or specimens with white spot lesions or early caries lesions

The NMA estimated an SMD of -0.78 for P11-4 + fluoride varnish versus CPP-ACP (95% CI -1.33 to -0.28).

1 finding from 1 review

Sentinel node biopsy (neck dissection only if biopsy positive) vs Elective neck dissection

Locoregional recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer

Sentinel node biopsy (neck dissection only if biopsy positive) showed no clear difference in locoregional recurrence compared with elective neck dissection (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 vs Placebo or no active treatment

Remineralization / reduction in lesion severity (change in QLF, laser fluorescence, or lesion area) · Patients with white spot lesions / early caries lesions (WSLs/ECLs), including orthodontic and non-orthodontic lesions, active caries…

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 significantly improved remineralization versus control (SMD -0.56, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.15); certainty of evidence not assessed (no GRADE).

1 finding from 1 review

Compomer (Dyract) vs Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC)

Secondary caries · Patients requiring dental restoration; deciduous (primary) teeth

Over 2 or more years in deciduous teeth, secondary caries did not differ significantly between compomer and RMGIC (RR 1.68, 95% CI 0.87-3.25; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Periodontal health during molar intrusion · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment
1 finding from 1 review

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer vs Multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer

Survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

Fibre-reinforced composite fixed (bonded) retainer showed no clear difference in survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) compared with multistrand / spiral wire fixed (bonded) retainer (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PET-CT following chemoradiotherapy (neck dissection only if no/incomplete response) vs Planned neck dissection before or after chemoradiotherapy

Recurrence · Adults with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer with nodal disease (stage N2 or N3)
1 finding from 1 review

Low‐level laser therapy vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Total number of orthodontic appliance adjustment appointments during alignment stage · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment

It is very uncertain whether low level laser therapy (LLLT) changes total number of orthodontic appliance adjustment appointments during… compared with conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Herbal mouthwash vs placebo

Cariogenic bacteria (Mutans streptococci) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

Herbal mouthwash reduced Mutans streptococci versus placebo, but certainty is very low.

1 finding from 1 review

Part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether part-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes survival of retainers (failure, lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) vs Tricalcium silicate (TCS) paste (applied twice daily)

Remineralization/arrest of early enamel carious lesions · Patients with early enamel carious lesions on permanent molars

For early enamel lesions, annual SDF+KI was significantly LESS effective than twice-daily tricalcium silicate paste (54.8% vs 100% arrested; p<0.001; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Gum chewing (sugar-free) vs No chewing gum

Salivary flow rate · Elderly (>60 years) and medically compromised adults with xerostomia / dry mouth

Across 19 studies the effect of gum chewing on stimulated and/or unstimulated salivary flow rate was mixed (9 positive, 10 no effect); this broad outcome was not meta-analyzed.

1 finding from 1 review

Multivariable caries prediction model vs Alternative prediction model(s) within the same study, or no formal comparator (models compared descriptively; no between-model statistical test)

Predictive performance for coronal caries increment (negative likelihood ratio, LR-) · Children and adolescents (aged 2-19) at risk of coronal caries increment (caries onset or progression)

Some developmental coronal-caries models achieved useful negative likelihood ratios (LR-<=0.20), but performance varied widely; no pooled estimate; ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Multivariable prediction models of caries increment: a systematic review and critical appraisal. 2023 All outcomes
    Follow-up >=1 year (included studies 1-5 years) · Oral health care; children/adolescents; no geographical restriction · Model development studies
    No meta-analysis. Per-model LR- (Table 2) for the 8 development studies ranged roughly 0.11-0.94 (e.g. Angulo 0.94, Demers 0.14-0.40, Gao 2010 0.11-0.30). Overall across all 66 models LR- ranged 0.0-1.1; LR-<=0.20…
    8 studies
    GRADE not reported

Low‐level laser therapy vs Conventional orthodontic appliance treatment

Discomfort/pain · Adolescents and adults with malocclusion undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment

It is very uncertain whether low level laser therapy (LLLT) changes patient perception of pain and discomfort (VAS 0 to 100 mm) compared with conventional orthodontic appliance treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hawley removable retainer vs Clear plastic removable retainer

Stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether hawley removable retainer changes stability: Little's Irregularity Index (lower arch) compared with clear plastic removable retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review