Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,323 questions · 5,762 findings · 263 reviews · Dental caries

No studies found 321 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 4,450 · 77.2%Very low 455 · 7.9%Low 297 · 5.2%Moderate 200 · 3.5%High 39 · 0.7%

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Gum chewing (sugar-free) vs Pooled controls: no gum, placebo/control gum, probiotic, or fluoride varnish

Streptococcus mutans load in the oral cavity (saliva and/or dental plaque) · Adults and children (general population)

In a sensitivity analysis assuming a 0.95 baseline-to-endpoint correlation for the sugar-free gum arm, the effect remained significant (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -0.80 to -0.30; 13 trials, I2 73%); certainty not formally graded.

2 findings from 1 review

Fluorescence-based devices vs Visual classification

Difference in sensitivity · Asymptomatic children or adults suspected of enamel caries (clinical studies); extracted teeth (in vitro studies)

Fluorescence and visual classification had similar sensitivity in the fully within-person analysis.

1 finding from 1 review

Radiographic imaging methods (any: analogue radiographs, digital radiographs, or CBCT) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Diagnostic accuracy on surfaces with pit and fissure sealants · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Imaging modalities to inform the detection and diagnosis of early caries 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 3 months between index test and reference standard (in vivo studies) · Pit and fissure sealants
    Pre-specified heterogeneity investigation of surfaces with pit and fissure sealants: no study reported the inclusion of sealants that would allow evaluation of early caries lesions.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Intervention not reported

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment

The intervention showed no clear difference in initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Habit of tooth cleaning vs No habit of tooth cleaning

Dental caries · Individuals in Ethiopia assessed for dental caries

The habit of tooth cleaning was not significantly associated with dental caries (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.96); certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Sweet food consumption (frequent) vs No/less frequent sweet food consumption

Dental caries · Individuals in Ethiopia assessed for dental caries

Sweet food consumption was associated with significantly higher odds of dental caries (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.01); certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

External control of fluoride concentration vs Not applicable

Water samples with fluoride concentration above the acceptable range · Brazilian cities in the Northeast region with artificially fluoridated public water supplies

In the Northeast region, 0.2% of samples were above the acceptable range.

1 finding from 1 review

Chemotherapy (any regimen; added to, or compared with, locoregional treatment) vs Locoregional treatment and/or an alternative chemotherapy regimen

Toxicity / adverse effects (harms) of chemotherapy · People receiving curative-intent treatment for oral cavity and oropharyngeal (squamous cell) cancer
1 finding from 1 review

Problem-driven / less regular dental visiting vs More frequent / regular dental visits

Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

A higher frequency of dental visits was associated with lower caries, while problem-driven visiting was associated with higher severe early childhood caries (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Near-infrared (NIR) transillumination vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Digital radiographs vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, or enhanced visual examination)

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

1-19 remaining teeth vs 20-32 remaining teeth

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD)-related events (morbidity and mortality) · Adults (any age) with a known number of remaining teeth, followed prospectively in cohort studies

In prospective cohorts, adults with 1-19 teeth had a higher cumulative incidence of ACVD-related events than adults with 20-32 teeth (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.53; 2 cohort studies, I2=60%); GRADE per-analysis ratings reported in Supplementary File 7 (not available in provided sources).

1 finding from 1 review

Special health care needs vs None (descriptive; compared across disability types)

Oral health status and treatment needs · Arab children with special health care needs in Ras Al Khaimah

One study found very high caries (85.2%) and high unmet treatment needs among children with special healthcare needs, varying by disability type (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Restorative dental treatment under general anesthesia vs Before treatment (before-after)

Oral health-related quality of life (child and family) · Preschool children in the United Arab Emirates receiving dental general anesthesia

One study found restorative dental treatment under general anesthesia significantly improved oral health-related quality of life for preschool children and their families (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review