What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics vs control

• Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  54 studies · 10484 participants
  Moderate

Probiotics vs control

• Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1723 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual vs quality of gastric residual alone

Summary of findings table ‐ Quality and volume of gastric residual showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with quality of gastric residual alone (low certainty).

• Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.21 [0.13, 76.67]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ routine monitoring vs no routine monitoring of gastric residual

Summary of findings table ‐ routine monitoring showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with no routine monitoring of gastric residual (low certainty).

• Routine monitoring of gastric residual for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.14 [0.77, 5.97]
  3 studies · 273 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Re‐feeding vs discarding gastric residuals

Summary of findings table ‐ Re‐feeding showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with discarding gastric residuals (low certainty).

• Re‐feeding versus discarding gastric residuals to improve growth in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.14, 1.85]
  1 study · 72 participants
  Low

Bubble vs ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Bubble showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality before hospital discharge compared with ventilator or Infant Flow Driver nasal continuous positive airway… (low certainty).

• Bubble devices versus other pressure sources for nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.64, 1.36]
  10 studies · 1189 participants
  Low

Prebiotic vs control

• Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 686 participants
  Low

Synbiotic vs control

• Synbiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 925 participants
  Low

Antibiotics on removal of central venous catheter vs no antibiotics

• Antibiotics at the time of removal of central venous catheter to reduce morbidity and mortality in newborn infants 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 88 participants
  Low

Indomethacin vs placebo or control

Indomethacin showed no clear difference in all‐cause neonatal mortality before hospital discharge compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).

• Indomethacin for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.46, 1.33]
  8 studies · 314 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Early amino acids vs Late amino acids

• Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported