What do systematic reviews say?

Calf stretching vs placebo stretching

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calf, quadriceps, and hamstring stretching vs no stretching

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calf and hamstring stretching vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐drug therapies for the secondary prevention of lower limb muscle cramps 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Integrated disease management interventions vs usual care

• Integrated disease management interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 4321 participants
  Moderate

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine

• Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 85 participants
  Very low

Multimodal intervention (exercise plus other interventions) plus usual care vs usual care

• Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Exercise plus usual care vs usual care

• Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Band ligation vs no intervention or a sham procedure

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Band ligation versus sham or no intervention for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children and… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Absorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks only

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nonabsorbable tacks plus absorbable sutures vs nonabsorbable tacks plus nonabsorbable sutures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nonabsorbable tacks vs nonabsorbable sutures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Mesh fixation techniques in primary ventral or incisional hernia repair 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

• Vitamin D supplementation for chronic liver diseases in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Adjuvant chemotherapy vs no chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable cholangiocarcinoma 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nifedipine vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Nifedipine for primary dysmenorrhoea 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Roux‐en‐Y vs Billroth‐I after distal gastrectomy

• Roux‐en‐Y versus Billroth‐I reconstruction after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 695 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antibiotics vs no treatment or placebo on top of topical antiseptics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found