What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term oral antiplatelet therapy vs avoiding antithrombotic therapy

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term oral antiplatelet… showed no clear difference in death compared with avoiding antithrombotic therapy (moderate certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.76, 1.53]
  1 study · 536 participants
  Moderate

Cilostazol vs aspirin

Summary of findings table ‐ Cilostazol showed no clear difference in death compared with aspirin (low certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.65 [0.55, 4.91]
  1 study · 288 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting short‐term prophylactic dose anticoagulation vs avoiding anticoagulation

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Starting short‐term prophylactic dose… changes death compared with avoiding anticoagulation (very low certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.59, 1.7]
  3 studies · 258 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral anticoagulation vs avoiding anticoagulation

Summary of findings table ‐ Starting long‐term therapeutic dose oral… showed no clear difference in death compared with avoiding anticoagulation (moderate certainty).

• Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.62, 1.78]
  3 studies · 334 participants
  Moderate

Endovascular therapy plus conventional medical treatment vs conventional medical treatment alone

Endovascular therapy plus conventional medical treatment may leads to higher death compared with conventional medical treatment alone (low certainty).

• Endovascular therapy versus medical treatment for symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5.43 [1.21, 24.4]
  4 studies · 989 participants
  Low

Active rPMS only vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for impairment and disability in people after stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Active rPMS plus rehabilitation vs sham rPMS plus rehabilitation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for impairment and disability in people after stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Active rPMS plus rehabilitation vs rehabilitation only

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for impairment and disability in people after stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Active rPMS only vs sham rPMS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation for impairment and disability in people after stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Fluoxetine vs control at end of treatment,

Fluoxetine showed no clear difference in death compared with control at end of treatment, (moderate certainty).

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for stroke recovery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.82, 1.24]
  6 studies · 6090 participants
  Moderate

Conservative treatment vs endovascular coiling

• Treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 80 participants
  Very low

Microsurgical clipping vs endovascular coiling

• Treatments for unruptured intracranial aneurysms 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 106 participants
  Very low

Percutaneous vascular interventions vs intravenous thrombolytic treatment

Percutaneous vascular interventions showed no clear difference in death compared with intravenous thrombolytic treatment (low certainty).

• Percutaneous vascular interventions versus intravenous thrombolytic treatment for acute ischaemic stroke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.34 [0.84, 2.14]
  3 studies · 443 participants
  Low

Colloid vs crystalloid

Colloids showed no clear difference in death compared with crystalloids (moderate certainty).

• Parenteral fluid regimens for improving functional outcome in people with acute stroke 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.02 [0.82, 1.27]
  12 studies · 2351 participants
  Moderate

Saline vs other fluids

0.9% saline showed no clear difference in death compared with other fluid (low certainty).

• Parenteral fluid regimens for improving functional outcome in people with acute stroke 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87 [0.67, 1.12]
  5 studies · 1760 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in death (moderate certainty).

• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.34, 2.75]
  4 studies · 144 participants
  Moderate

Intravenous thrombolytic treatment vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Intravenous thrombolytic treatment showed no clear difference in death at compared with standard medical care (high certainty).

• Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.43, 1.07]
  5 studies · 763 participants
  High

Endovascular treatment vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Endovascular treatment showed no clear difference in death at compared with standard medical care (high certainty).

• Intravenous thrombolytic treatment and endovascular thrombectomy for ischaemic wake‐up stroke 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.43, 1.07]
  2 studies · 205 participants
  High

Endovascular therapy plus conventional medical treatment vs medical treatment

Endovascular treat ment plus medical treatment showed no clear difference in deathMedian compared with medical treatment alone (low certainty).

• Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for vertebral artery stenosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.37, 1.62]
  3 studies · 349 participants
  Low

Dual vs one antiplatelet agent

Dual showed no clear difference in vascular death compared with one antiplatelet agent (moderate certainty).

• Multiple versus fewer antiplatelet agents for preventing early recurrence after ischaemic stroke or transient… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.3]
  10 studies · 12831 participants
  Moderate