Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).
Simplified showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with usual regimens (low certainty).
Children: higher dose/longer course showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with lower dose/shorter course (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adults: higher dose/longer course changes all adverse events compared with lower dose/shorter course (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Stopping LABA showed no clear difference in adverse events (all) compared with continuing use of LABA+ICS (moderate certainty).
Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) add‐on showed no clear difference in adverse events (all) compared with long‐acting beta2‐agonists (LABA) add‐on (moderate certainty).
Testosterone therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events (all cause) compared with placebo (low certainty).
Tiotropium leads to lower all‐cause serious adverse events compared with ipratropium (high certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse events (all) (high certainty).
Formoterol showed no clear difference in fatal serious adverse events (all‐cause) compared with short‐acting beta2‐agonist (low certainty).
LAMA add‐on showed no clear difference in all‐cause serious adverse events 24 weeks compared with ICS alone (low certainty).
Children: formoterol/fluticasone showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with salmeterol/fluticasone (low certainty).
Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (high certainty).
Regular formoterol and ICS showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with same‐dose ICS (moderate certainty).
Regular salmeterol showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ children compared with regular salbutamol (moderate certainty).
Regular salmeterol showed no clear difference in all‐cause non‐fatal serious adverse events ‐ children compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether macrolide+tetracycline changes all‐cause serious adverse events 60 weeks (end of study) compared with macrolide (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes adverse events: number of people with 1 or more (all‐cause) compared with usual care (very low certainty).