Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

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No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Azathioprine vs placebo

Any adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

It is very uncertain whether azathioprine changes any adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azathioprine and 6‐mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.51 [0.82, 7.74]
4 studies · 232 participants
Very low

Children: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

All adverse events · children with acute asthma

Children: higher dose/longer course showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with lower dose/shorter course (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.67 [0.11, 4.08]
1 study · 201 participants
Moderate

Adults: higher dose/longer course vs lower dose/shorter course

All adverse events · Adults with acute asthma

It is very uncertain whether adults: higher dose/longer course changes all adverse events compared with lower dose/shorter course (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different oral corticosteroid regimens for acute asthma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 4.15 [0.94, 18.41]
1 study · 43 participants
Very low

Circumcision devices vs standard surgical techniques

Adverse events mild adverse events · adolescent and adult male circumcisions

It is very uncertain whether circumcision devices changes mild adverse events compared with standard surgical techniques (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Circumcision devices versus standard surgical techniques in adolescent and adult male circumcisions 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.44, 2.72]
10 studies · 3370 participants
Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events (GI) · obese women with subfertility

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention changes adverse events (GI) compared with no intervention or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological strategies for obese women with subfertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.91 [0.32, 2.57]
1 study · 65 participants
Very low

Biofeedback vs hypnotherapy

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Biofeedback vs counseling

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs no intervention

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs usual care

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Multi‐component psychological intervention (with biofeedback) vs attention control

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Biofeedback vs relaxation training

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy

Adverse events (AE) · people with irritable bowel syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Benzodiazepines vs phenobarbital (as active placebo)

Adverse events: any · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse events: any compared with phenobarbital (as active placebo) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines for antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.97, 2.41]
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Extended‐field chemoradiotherapy vs pelvic chemoradiotherapy

Late adverse events

It is very uncertain whether extended‐field chemoradiotherapy changes late adverse events compared with pelvic chemoradiotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended‐field radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.06, 14.59]
1 study · 74 participants
Very low

Extended‐field radiotherapy vs pelvic chemoradiotherapy

Late adverse events

Extended‐field radiotherapy showed no clear difference in late adverse events compared with pelvic chemoradiotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Extended‐field radiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.69, 1.62]
1 study · 386 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events rate · participants with Helicobacter pylori infection

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events rate (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sequential versus standard triple first‐line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0
27 studies · 8103 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Adverse drug events · older people (aged 65 years or older) living in care homes

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to optimise prescribing for older people in care homes 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1228 participants
Low

Yoga vs usual care

Adverse events: any · patients with schizophrenia

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga versus standard care for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Moderate

Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy

Major adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts

It is very uncertain whether surgical thrombectomy changes major adverse events compared with mechanical thrombectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.98 [0.78, 5.03]
3 studies · 404 participants
Very low

Surgical thrombectomy vs mechanical thrombectomy

Minor adverse events · thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts

It is very uncertain whether surgical thrombectomy changes minor adverse events compared with mechanical thrombectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for thrombosed haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.54, 1.48]
3 studies · 404 participants
Very low