Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

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No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Intervention not reported

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adalimumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.74, 1.09]
3 studies · 531 participants
Moderate

Probiotics vs placebo

Adverse events · children up to age 18 years

Probiotic showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.54 [0.6, 3.94]
4 studies · 395 participants
Low

Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs no CVVH

Adverse events · adults with severe acute pancreatitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High‐volume continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) vs standard CVVH

Adverse events · adults with severe acute pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether high‐volume continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration (CVVH) changes adverse events compared with standard CVVH (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous veno‐venous hemofiltration for severe acute pancreatitis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.16, 6.2]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Speech and language therapy vs healthy lifestyle advice

Adverse events · participants with chronic cough

1 finding from 1 review

Speech and language therapy for management of chronic cough 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 75 participants
Low

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs robotic animals

Adverse events · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs soft toy cat

Adverse events · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT (live animal)) vs no AAT

Adverse events · people with dementia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Animal‐assisted therapy for dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Buccal glucose vs oral (swallowed) glucose

Adverse events · healthy adults

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid glucose administration routes for symptomatic hypoglycaemia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dextrose gel vs oral (swallowed) glucose

Adverse events · adult patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First aid glucose administration routes for symptomatic hypoglycaemia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Sublingual glucose vs oral (swallowed) glucose

Adverse events · children with hypoglycaemia associated with moderate clinical symptoms of acute malaria or moderate respiratory tract infections

1 finding from 1 review

First aid glucose administration routes for symptomatic hypoglycaemia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Surgery vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse events · people with full‐thickness rotator cuff tears

1 finding from 1 review

Surgery for rotator cuff tears 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 103 participants
Very low

Laser enamel preparation (with or without acid-etching) vs Acid-etching (phosphoric acid)

Adverse events · Caries-free children to young adults with premolars/molars requiring pit-and-fissure sealants

No adverse events were reported in any included study (ungraded, narrative).

1 finding from 1 review

The clinical effects of laser preparation of tooth surfaces for fissure sealants placement: a systematic review and… 2019 All outcomes
Clinical (in vivo pit-and-fissure sealant placement)
No adverse events (pulpal sensation, post-lasing thermal sensitivity, pulpitis, or other laser-induced pathology) were reported in any of the included studies.
5 studies
GRADE not reported

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 weeks
Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
1 study · 47 participants
GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping)

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 week
Wirthlin 2011 reported altered taste sensation as the adverse event. OLT scores could not be included in the analysis as the group-wise data were not given.
1 study · 22 participants
GRADE not reported

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 4 weeks
Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

Sodium bicarbonate toothpaste vs Control toothpaste (without sodium bicarbonate)

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 weeks
Adverse events reported by Lomax 2017 were not related to the interventions.
1 study · 148 participants
GRADE not reported

Toothbrushing + 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Toothbrushing alone

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 3 weeks
Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

Dental cavity liner (e.g. calcium hydroxide, glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, or flowable composite) placed under the restoration vs No liner (resin-based composite bonded directly to the tooth)

Adverse events · Adults or children with a Class I or Class II resin-based composite restoration in a permanent posterior tooth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental cavity liners for Class I and Class II resin‐based composite restorations 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
None reported. No adverse events were reported in any of the included studies (0 studies contributed adverse-events data).
0 studies
No studies found

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 weeks
Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported