Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Oestrogen ring vs other regimens

Adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen cream vs non‐hormonal lubricant gel) · postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy

Oestrogen ring showed no clear difference in adverse events (total adverse events) (oestrogen ring vs placebo) compared with other regimens (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Active cancer therapy combined with TCM vs active cancer therapy

Adverse events ‐ white blood cell descent Diagnosed by clinicians · patients with oesophageal cancer

It is very uncertain whether active cancer therapy combined with TCM changes adverse events ‐ white blood cell descent Diagnosed by clinicians compared with active cancer therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): drowsiness/dizziness · patients with acute myocardial infarction

Lidocaine may leads to higher adverse events (AEs; adverse drug reaction): drowsiness/dizziness compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laparoscopic myomectomy vs open myomectomy (all types)

Perioperative in‐hospital adverse events; injury to pelvic organs · women with uterine fibroids

Laparoscopic myomectomy showed no clear difference in perioperative in‐hospital adverse events; injury to pelvic organs compared with open myomectomy (all types) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion vs usual care

Authors reported adverse outcomes (events without hospitalisation) · Neonates and caregivers

It is very uncertain whether four per cent chlorhexidine + hand hygiene promotion changes authors reported adverse outcomes (events without hospitalisation) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Yoga vs no exercise

Adverse events (1 participant withdrew due to increased back pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

Yoga may leads to higher adverse events (1 participant withdrew due to increased back pain) compared with non‐exercise (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pazopanib plus lapatinib vs lapatinib

Specific adverse events: gastrointestinal perforations or fistulae · women with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer

It is very uncertain whether pazopanib plus lapatinib changes specific adverse events: gastrointestinal perforations or fistulae compared with lapatinib (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pazopanib vs lapatinib

Specific adverse events: gastrointestinal perforations or fistulae · women with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer

It is very uncertain whether pazopanib changes specific adverse events: gastrointestinal perforations or fistulae compared with lapatinib (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cediranib plus chemotherapy vs placebo plus chemotherapy

Specific adverse events: gastrointestinal perforations or fistulae · women with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer

It is very uncertain whether cediranib plus chemotherapy changes specific adverse events: gastrointestinal perforations or fistulae compared with placebo plus chemotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sublingual immunotherapy vs control

Serious adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 49 weeks · people with asthma

Sublingual immunotherapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Weighted mean duration of studies: 56 weeks compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Irradiation with UV light: local narrow‐band UVB vs local PUVA

Primary: adverse events ‐ reported adverse events, mainly erythema · people with hand eczema unresponsive to clobetasol propionate

Irradiation with UV light: local narrow‐band UVB probably leads to higher primary: adverse events ‐ reported adverse events, mainly erythema compared with local PUVA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg vs placebo

Adverse effects: headache · people with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema

Oral retinoids: alitretinoin 30 mg leads to higher primary: adverse events ‐ headache Folluw‐up: 48 weeks to 72 weeks compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Doxycycline vs quinolones

Adverse events (Analysis 1.7) Participant's report · men and non‐pregnant women with symptomatic (uterine cervicitis and urethritis), or asymptomatic genital CT infection, diagnosed by cell…

It is very uncertain whether doxycycline changes adverse events Men and women Assessed by participants' self‐report compared with quinolones (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review