Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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Modafinil vs placebo

Adverse effect/event(s) ‐ serious adverse events · schizophrenia or related disorders

It is very uncertain whether modafinil changes adverse effect/event(s) ‐ serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐TNF disease activity–guided dose tapering vs anti‐TNF continuation

Withdrawals due to adverse events not measured · people with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity using a standard dose of anti‐TNF agents

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) vs lower PUFA

Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events · people with or without existing CVD, men and women

It is very uncertain whether higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) changes major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events compared with lower PUFA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch vs 200 µg patch plus progestogen

Withdrawals due to adverse events · women with PMS

It is very uncertain whether dose comparison: oestrogen 100 µg patch changes adverse events ‐ withdrawal rates over 8 months' compared with 200 µg patch plus progestogen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α vs intravesically administered BCG alone

Discontinuation of medication due to adverse events · patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ serious ocular events at 1 year · people with age‐related macular degeneration

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ serious ocular events at 1 year (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fractional laser vs radiofrequency

Participant‐assessed adverse events (short‐term) · people with acne scars

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Infliximab vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with Crohn's disease (mixed disease activity population with clinical response at baseline)

It is very uncertain whether infliximab changes withdrawal due to adverse events (at 32‐54 weeks) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · active EoE patients

Corticosteroids may leads to lower withdrawals due to adverse events (2 to 12 weeks) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · adults with early (stage 1 to 3) non‐diabetic CKD

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors may leads to higher adverse events: number reporting an adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Death and serious adverse events, including falls · participants after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Death and serious adverse events, including falls · participants after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive Coriolus versicolor vs no adjunctive treatment

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults (aged 18+) with colorectal cancer

It is very uncertain whether adjunctive Coriolus versicolor changes withdrawal from treatment due to adverse events ‐ compared with no adjunctive treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review