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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,918 questions · 5,537 findings · 1,803 reviews

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No studies found 1,309 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 440 · 7.9%Very low 1,560 · 28.2%Low 1,292 · 23.3%Moderate 751 · 13.6%High 185 · 3.3%

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NSAIDs vs opioid

Maternal adverse events (6 to 8 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

NSAID may leads to lower maternal adverse events (6 to 8 hours) compared with opioid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids vs placebo

Maternal adverse events (6 to 8 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Opioid showed no clear difference in maternal adverse events (6 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Maternal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

NSAID showed no clear difference in maternal adverse events (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nimodipine vs placebo

Adverse events during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke

Nimodipine showed no clear difference in adverse events during treatment period compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Flunarizine vs placebo

Adverse events during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke

Flunarizine may leads to higher adverse events during treatment period compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium antagonists vs placebo

Adverse events during treatment period · people with acute ischemic stroke

Calcium antagonists showed no clear difference in adverse events during treatment period compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lithium vs RISPERIDONE

Drowsiness/somnolence (Event rate during treatment, length of treatment varied across trials) · acute mania

Lithium probably leads to lower adverse events: drowsiness/ somnolence compared with risperidone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Lithium for acute mania 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    OR 0.43 [0.24, 0.75]
    2 studies · 219 participants
    Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse events Post‐operative bleeding · participants with β‐thalassaemia

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events Post‐operative bleeding (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TACE followed by 3‐DCRT vs chemoembolisation

Non‐serious adverse events: leukopenia · primary hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether TACE followed by 3‐DCRT changes non‐serious adverse events: leukopenia compared with TACE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval

Serious adverse events at up to 5‐year · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males

It is very uncertain whether two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval changes serious adverse events at up to 5‐year compared with two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine

Serious adverse events at up to 5‐year · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females

It is very uncertain whether two doses of HPV vaccine changes serious adverse events at up to 5‐year compared with three doses of HPV vaccine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review