Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs no prophylaxis

All adverse effects, including allergies at injection site, minor and major bleeding, others ( · adults undergoing KA

Low‐molecular‐weight heparin showed no clear difference in all adverse effects, including allergies at injection site, minor… compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Antipsychotic dose reduction vs dose continuation

Participants with at least some Side Effects · patients with schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ Antipsychotic dose reduction showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ number of participants with at least 1 adverse… compared with dose continuation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ZOTEPINE vs RISPERIDONE

Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson medication ‐ vs 4mg risperidone · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ZOTEPINE changes adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson… compared with RISPERIDONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ZOTEPINE vs RISPERIDONE

Adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson medication ‐ vs 8mg risperidone · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ZOTEPINE changes adverse effects: Extrapyramidal effects ‐ use of antiparkinson… compared with RISPERIDONE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Continuation vs reduction of polypharmacy

Adverse effects – leaving the study early due to adverse effects – overall tolerability – total · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Continuation changes adverse effects – leaving the study early due to adverse effects –… compared with reduction of polypharmacy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery vs alternative treatment

Serious adverse events (transfusion‐related adverse effects within 24 hours of the transfusion) · people with a low platelet count

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic platelet transfusion prior to surgery changes serious adverse events (transfusion‐related adverse effects within… compared with alternative treatments (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS changes leaving the study early due to adverse effects (overall tolerability… compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo compared

Adverse effects of antibiotics · children, aged 2 to 59 months, with WHO‐defined non‐severe pneumonia and wheeze

Antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in treatment harms (adverse events or side effects associated with… compared with placebo compared to placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse maternal psychological effects (anxiety, depression or complicated grief) ‐ not measured · women with a previous stillbirth of > 20 weeks' gestation who are pregnant or considering a subsequent pregnancy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Neuroprotection vs control

Adverse effects: ocular allergy to the study medication requiring discontinuation up to 4 years' · people with open‐angle glaucoma

It is very uncertain whether neuroprotection changes adverse effects: ocular allergy to the study medication requiring… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes adverse events: all ‐ gastrointestinal effects (e.g. constipation,… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ciprofloxacin vs placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS) therapy

Adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse event · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of antibiotics: proportion of participants with one… compared with placebo added to cycled and culture‐based inhaled tobramycin (TNS)… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review