Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM42930444
Association Between Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alsaigh Hassan, Alsharief Mishali, Aljabr Abdulmajeed A, et al. · Dentistry journal · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3390/dj14100678
Findings
4 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Older adults | Periodontitis | Healthier periodontal status | Cognitive impairment or decline Cross-sectional to 5 years · Sensitivity: prospective cohort studies only | Generic RR 2.11 [1.43, 3.12] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Older adults | Periodontitis | Healthier periodontal status | Cognitive impairment or decline Cross-sectional to 5 years · Random-effects model | Generic RR 2.12 [1.51, 2.98] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 554 participants |
| Older adults | Periodontitis | Healthier periodontal status | Cognitive impairment or decline Cross-sectional to 5 years · Sensitivity: EWP instead of CDC/AAP definition for Iwasaki 2019 | Generic RR 2.21 [1.57, 3.12] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults (mainly community-dwelling older adults) | Periodontitis (severe periodontitis by CDC/AAP criteria or radiographic bone loss) | No periodontitis or less severe periodontitis | Cognitive impairment (cognitive decline, incident MCI, cognitive impairment) Cross-sectional to 5 years follow-up · Community cohorts of older adults in Spain, Japan and South Korea · Sensitivity: fixed-effect model | RR 2.12 [1.51, 2.98] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 554 participants |
Included primary studies 9
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen 2024 Association between oral health and cognitive impairment in older adults: Insights from a Six-year prospective cohort study. PMID:38801941 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2019 Periodontitis, periodontal inflammation, and mild cognitive impairment: A 5-year cohort study. PMID:30345659 | 2019 | 1 other review | Cognitive impairment (cognitive decline, incident MCI, cognitive impairment) | not extracted yet |
| Nilsson 2018 Periodontitis, tooth loss and cognitive functions among older adults. PMID:29270902 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Arévalo-Caro 2025 Periodontal Indices as Predictors of Cognitive Decline: Insights from the PerioMind Colombia Cohort. PMID:39857789 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Carballo 2023 Association of periodontitis with cognitive decline and its progression: Contribution of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease to… PMID:37584311 | 2023 | this review only | Cognitive impairment (cognitive decline, incident MCI, cognitive impairment) | not extracted yet |
| Ide 2016 Periodontitis and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. PMID:26963387 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2016 Longitudinal relationship of severe periodontitis with cognitive decline in older Japanese. PMID:26740384 | 2016 | this review only | Cognitive impairment (cognitive decline, incident MCI, cognitive impairment) | not extracted yet |
| Karaduran 2024 Investigating the potential clinical impact of periodontitis on the progression of Alzheimer's disease: a prospective cohort study. PMID:38159159 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shin 2016 Periodontitis Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Koreans: Results from the Yangpyeong Cohort Study. PMID:26782867 | 2016 | this review only | Cognitive impairment (cognitive decline, incident MCI, cognitive impairment) | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults (>=18 years), general older adult populations and cohorts with Alzheimer's disease | Community-dwelling older adults and Alzheimer's disease cohorts in Europe, Asia and South America (n=9 studies; sample sizes 30 to 775) |
| Intervention | Periodontal disease (exposure) as host-mediated inflammatory burden: PPD, CAL, BOP, radiographic bone loss (MBL/RABL), composite indices or case definitions (CDC/AAP, EWP, PISA) | Periodontitis or severe periodontitis defined by CDC/AAP, EWP, radiographic bone loss, PD/CAL/BOP or PISA (n=9) |
| Comparison | Healthy periodontium, gingivitis only, or lower severity of periodontal disease | No or less severe periodontitis (n=9) |
| Outcomes | Cognitive impairment assessed with validated tools (incidence, progression or rate of decline) | Cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, incident MCI or AD progression via MMSE, MoCA, ACE, ADAS-Cog, SMMT, CDR (n=9); pooled cognitive impairment (n=4) |
| Study designs | Human observational studies (prospective and retrospective cohorts, clinical trials, cross-sectional) in English, 2015 to December 2025 | Prospective cohorts (n=5), Alzheimer's disease cohorts (n=2), cross-sectional (n=2) |
| Timing | Not specified | Cross-sectional to 6 years follow-up (meta-analysis: cross-sectional to 5 years) |