Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM41930365
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of tooth loss in patients with periodontitis and the risk of mild cognitive impairment.
Zou Congcong, Liu Haibei, Li Lingli, et al. · Frontiers in oral health · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3389/froh.2026.1710871
Findings
19 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Periodontitis (most severe form reported) | No or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations | OR 1.27 [0.87, 1.86] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Periodontitis (most severe form reported) | No or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Study design: cross-sectional | OR 1.78 [0.73, 4.32] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Periodontitis (most severe form reported) | No or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Diagnostic criteria: other criteria | OR 0.98 [0.78, 1.22] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Periodontitis (most severe form reported) | No or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Diagnostic criteria: CDC-AAP | OR 2.78 [1.54, 5.02] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Periodontitis (most severe form reported) | No or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), unadjusted Community, older adult and aged care populations | OR 2.06 [1.31, 3.24] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline (mainly older adults) | Periodontitis (most severe category reported) | No periodontitis or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive decline or mild memory impairment Unadjusted ORs; study design: cross-sectional | OR 2.41 [1.48, 3.93] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline (mainly older adults) | Periodontitis (most severe category reported) | No periodontitis or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive decline or mild memory impairment Unadjusted ORs; diagnostic criteria: CDC-AAP | OR 1.36 [1.14, 1.64] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline (mainly older adults) | Periodontitis (most severe category reported) | No periodontitis or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive decline or mild memory impairment Unadjusted ORs; diagnostic criteria: other than CDC-AAP | OR 3.79 [2.51, 5.74] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Periodontitis (most severe form reported) | No or less severe periodontitis | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Study design: cohort | OR 1.03 [0.79, 1.34] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | Less or no tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations | OR 1.22 [0.97, 1.54] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline (mainly older adults) | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | No or less tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive decline or mild memory impairment Unadjusted ORs; tooth loss measure: significant tooth loss | OR 2.48 [1.55, 3.97] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | Less or no tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Study design: cross-sectional | OR 1.48 [0.86, 2.55] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline (mainly older adults) | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | No or less tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive decline or mild memory impairment Unadjusted ORs; study design: cross-sectional | OR 2.20 [0.56, 8.59] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | Less or no tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), unadjusted Community, older adult and aged care populations | OR 1.91 [1.31, 2.78] GRADE not reported 5 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | Less or no tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Study design: cohort | OR 1.14 [0.89, 1.46] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | Less or no tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Exposure: loss of one tooth | OR 1.04 [0.98, 1.11] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline (mainly older adults) | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | No or less tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive decline or mild memory impairment Unadjusted ORs; study design: cohort | OR 1.71 [1.26, 2.34] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline (mainly older adults) | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | No or less tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitive decline or mild memory impairment Unadjusted ORs; tooth loss measure: loss of one tooth | OR 1.23 [0.89, 1.71] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Adults without cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease or dementia at baseline | Tooth loss (most severe category reported) | Less or no tooth loss | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Community, older adult and aged care populations · Exposure: significant tooth loss (at least five teeth) | OR 1.5 [1.15, 1.95] GRADE not reported 3 studies |
Included primary studies 9
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nilsson 2017 Periodontitis, tooth loss and cognitive functions among older adults. PMID:29270902 | 2018 | 1 other review | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | not extracted yet |
| Okamoto 2015 Association between tooth loss and the development of mild memory impairment in the elderly: the Fujiwara-kyo Study. PMID:25362033 | 2015 | 1 other review | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | not extracted yet |
| Gao 2023 Oral diseases are associated with cognitive function in adults over 60 years old. PMID:37811600 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gu 2023 Association between oral health and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the Taizhou imaging study. PMID:37670297 | 2023 | this review only | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | not extracted yet |
| Kaye 2010 Tooth loss and periodontal disease predict poor cognitive function in older men. PMID:20398152 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Luo 2023 Tooth Loss, Periodontal Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Hispanic/Latino Immigrants: The Moderating Effects of Age at… PMID:36049219 | 2023 | this review only | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2023 Improving oral hygiene for better cognitive health: Interrelationships of oral hygiene habits, oral health status, and cognitive function… PMID:37403198 | 2024 | this review only | Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) | not extracted yet |
| Ye 2024 The association between oral health and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1464439 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ye 2024 The association between oral health and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. PMID:39484361 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Dentition-Cognition Relationship in Aging Populations: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Data. (2026) | 1 | 0.02 |
| Association Between Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (2026) | 1 | 0.06 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Adults without signs of cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease or dementia at baseline | Older adults from China, Sweden, the USA and Japan (12,685 participants at baseline across 8 studies) |
| Intervention | Exposure: periodontitis and tooth loss clinically assessed by trained dentists | Periodontitis and tooth loss (most severe categories pooled) |
| Comparison | Not specified | Not specified |
| Outcomes | MCI, cognitive decline or mild memory impairment evaluated through verified tests | MCI assessed mainly by MMSE (n=8; 5 in the meta-analysis) |
| Study designs | Prospective cohort and cross-sectional studies | 3 prospective cohort and 5 cross-sectional studies |
| Timing | Not specified | Follow-up 5 to 18 years in cohort studies |