Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM41743342
Effects of Nutritional Supplements Alone or as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Tang Haonuo, Liang Ruiqi, Chen Yiwen, et al. · International journal of dentistry · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1155/ijod/4249289
Findings
95 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Multinutrient supplement | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 12.14 [-7.74, 32.18] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Multinutrient supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.03 [-0.87, 0.94] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Multinutrient supplement | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD -0.08 [-0.49, 0.34] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Multinutrient supplement | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.43 [-0.11, 0.98] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Multinutrient supplement | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.21 [-0.54, 0.96] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.11 [-0.34, 0.57] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0 [-0.45, 0.46] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 5.11 [-4.12, 14.36] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.11 [-0.45, 0.66] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.04 [-0.49, 0.57] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 6 months | MD -0.3 [-1.54, 0.94] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.98 [0.29, 1.68] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin supplement | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.15 [-0.34, 0.64] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin supplement | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.38 [-0.16, 0.98] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin supplement | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1.11 [0.49, 1.74] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin supplement | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 8.99 [-18.53, 36.36] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD -0.05 [-0.49, 0.36] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.22 [-0.39, 0.85] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.38 [-0.13, 0.87] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.62 [0.16, 1.09] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 2.62 [-23.96, 29.08] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.4 [0.17, 0.63] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 6 months | MD 0.6 [-1.03, 2.22] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 16.06 [-10.27, 42.35] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.55 [0.28, 0.83] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.43 [0.02, 0.84] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.62 [0.23, 1.01] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin C supplement | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.13 [-0.72, 0.98] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin C supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.02 [-1.33, 1.38] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin C supplement | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.1 [-0.57, 0.77] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin C supplement | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 3.09 [-26.03, 32.25] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin B supplement | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.2 [-0.47, 0.86] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin B supplement | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD -0.03 [-0.79, 0.73] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin B supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.43 [-1.04, 1.9] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin B supplement | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD -0.07 [-1.01, 0.88] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin B supplement | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 4.06 [-22.75, 30.96] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin D supplement | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.04 [-0.6, 0.68] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin D supplement | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.86 [-0.06, 1.79] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin D supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1.23 [0.32, 2.16] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin D supplement | Placebo | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD -3.01 [-30.15, 24.28] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Mineral supplement | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.04 [-1.02, 1.09] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Mineral supplement | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.79 [0.03, 1.55] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Mineral supplement | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.1 [-0.91, 1.09] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin + SRP | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.88 [-1.09, 2.89] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin + SRP | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.25 [-0.8, 1.29] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin + SRP | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.58 [-0.4, 1.56] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.36 [-0.48, 1.2] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1.11 [-0.07, 2.28] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.49 [-0.21, 1.19] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 6 months | MD 0.91 [-1.67, 3.61] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.64 [-0.88, 2.17] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 6 months | MD 0.28 [-2.08, 2.64] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD -0.01 [-1.47, 1.45] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.4 [-0.6, 1.41] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.12 [-0.5, 0.74] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.26 [-0.55, 1.06] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.19 [-1.16, 1.54] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.19 [-0.58, 0.97] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.49 [-0.18, 1.15] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Placebo | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.43 [-1.1, 1.97] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.53 [-0.29, 1.35] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1.09 [0, 2.16] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 6 months | MD 0.63 [-0.49, 1.86] GRADE not reported 6 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.7 [0.08, 1.32] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.36 [0.04, 0.69] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.1 [-0.15, 0.36] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Antioxidant supplement + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.65 [0.22, 1.09] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.36 [0.12, 0.6] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.27 [0.09, 0.44] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.45 [-0.02, 0.92] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (antioxidant) + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.68 [0.29, 1.07] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.46 [-0.3, 1.22] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD -0.01 [-0.69, 0.67] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.9 [-0.45, 2.25] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Vitamin D supplement | Probiotic supplement | Clinical attachment level (CAL), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1.12 [0.05, 2.21] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement + SRP | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1.25 [-0.42, 2.91] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement + SRP | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.96 [-0.06, 1.99] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) + SRP | Placebo | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.27 [-0.76, 1.3] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) + SRP | Placebo | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.77 [-0.26, 1.79] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) + SRP | Placebo | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1.26 [-0.44, 2.95] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.84 [0.02, 1.66] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.84 [-0.49, 2.17] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.01 [-0.64, 0.66] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Vitamin D | Probiotic | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline | MD 0.03 [-0.75, 0.82] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Vitamin D | Probiotic | Probing pocket depth (PPD) at 3 months, change from baseline 3 months | MD 0.75 [-0.28, 1.78] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Vitamin D | Probiotic | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline | MD -8.13 [-36.73, 20.7] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 0.65 [-0.17, 1.47] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Herbal extract (mineral) + SRP | Scaling and root planing (SRP) alone | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 0.85 [-0.51, 2.21] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Melatonin | Probiotic | Plaque index (PI), change from baseline | MD 0.14 [-0.52, 0.82] GRADE not reported 48 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Melatonin | Probiotic | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline | MD 0.34 [-0.41, 1.14] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Probiotic supplement + SRP | Antioxidant supplement | Gingival index (GI), change from baseline (decline) 3 or 6 months (closest time point) | MD 1.02 [0.01, 2.04] GRADE not reported 43 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Melatonin | Probiotic | Clinical attachment level (CAL) at 3 months, change from baseline 3 months | MD 0.87 [-0.01, 1.77] GRADE not reported 56 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Melatonin | Probiotic | Bleeding on probing (BOP), change from baseline | MD 3.9 [-24.98, 32.75] GRADE not reported 17 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis (any age or sex, with or without diabetes) | Melatonin supplement | Probiotic supplement | Probing pocket depth (PPD), change from baseline (decline) 3 months | MD 1 [0.23, 1.77] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
| Patients with chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy | pro+SRP | Antioxidant supplement | Probing pocket depth (PPD) at 3 months, change from baseline 3 months | MD 0.62 [-1.04, 2.27] GRADE not reported 65 studies |
Included primary studies 79
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stańdo 2020 Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids EPA and DHA as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. PMID:32867199 | 2020 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Borgohain 2023 Efficacy of Cucurmin and Aloevera Extracts Gel as Local Drugs Delivery Agents. PMID:37693983 | 2023 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elavarasu 2016 Evaluation of superoxide dismutase levels in local drug delivery system containing 0.2% curcumin strip as an adjunct to scaling and root… PMID:27829747 | 2016 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rahalkar 2021 Determination of efficacy of curcumin and Tulsi extracts as local drugs in periodontal pocket reduction: A clinical and microbiological… PMID:34158685 | 2021 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Umrania 2017 Evaluation of dietary supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on salivary… PMID:29491585 | 2017 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abdallah 2024 DOI:10.3290/j.cjdr.b5459607 | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Acharya 2021 Evaluation of Grape Seed Formulation as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Status and Glycaemic… DOI:10.7860/jcdr/2021/45235.14792 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Anton 2021 Study on the Effects of Melatonin on Glycemic Control and Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and… PMID:33562452 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Deore 2014 Herbal anti-inflammatory immunomodulators as host modulators in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind,… PMID:24778901 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Eldessouky 2024 Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis in Menopausal Patients: A Randomized Control Trial DOI:10.1155/2024/6997142 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elgendy 2018 DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.a40957 | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gholinezhad 2020 Using ginger supplement in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy improves metabolic and periodontal parameters in patients with… DOI:10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100315 | 2020 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gonde 2022 Comparative evaluation of 1% melatonin gel in the treatment of intrabony defect: A randomized controlled clinical trial DOI:10.1002/jper.21-0515 | 2022 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mahendra 2013 Clinical effects of subgingivally delivered spirulina gel in chronic periodontitis cases: a placebo controlled clinical trial. PMID:24298522 | 2013 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Prasanth 2024 Clinico-immunological evaluation of use of omega-3 fatty acids as nutraceutical approach in management of patients with chronic… DOI:10.1016/j.mjafi.2024.04.013 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Singh 2018 Evaluation of Turmeric Chip Compared with Chlorhexidine Chip as a Local Drug Delivery Agent in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A… DOI:10.1089/acm.2017.0059 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sravya 2019 Efficacy of an herbal antioxidant as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy on procalcitonin levels in smokers with chronic… PMID:31543616 | 2019 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stando-Retecka 2023 Clinical and microbiological outcomes of subgingival instrumentation supplemented with high-dose omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in… DOI:10.1186/s12903-023-03018-7 | 2023 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tyagi 2021 A comparison of the efficacy of scaling and root planning with application of pomegranate chip, pomegranate gel, and scaling and root… PMID:33642740 | 2021 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Verma 2022 A clinical and microbiological study to assess the efficacy of Acmella oleracea and Acacia catechu herbs as local drug delivery in… PMID:35602538 | 2022 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yaghini 2014 Efficacy of a local-drug delivery gel containing extracts of Quercus brantii and Coriandrum sativum as an adjunct to scaling and root… PMID:25114940 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Agarwal 2020 Clinical and microbiological effects of 1% Matricaria chamomilla mouth rinse on chronic periodontitis: A double-blind randomized placebo… PMID:32831509 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ali 2021 Evaluation of the efficacy of lycopene gel compared with minocycline hydrochloride microspheres as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal… DOI:10.1016/j.jds.2020.09.009 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aslroosta 2021 DOI:10.22037/ijpr.2020.113604.14399 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Babaei 2018 Effects of Chicory Leaf Extract on Serum Oxidative Stress Markers, Lipid Profile and Periodontal Status in Patients With Chronic… DOI:10.1080/07315724.2018.1437371 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bazyar 2019 The effects of melatonin supplementation in adjunct with non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal status, serum melatonin and… DOI:10.1007/s10787-018-0539-0 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bazyar 2020 <p>The Impacts of Synbiotic Supplementation on Periodontal Indices and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus… DOI:10.2147/dmso.s230060 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Boyapati 2017 Efficacy of local drug delivery of Achyranthes aspera gel in the management of chronic periodontitis: A clinical study. PMID:29386800 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Butera 2022 Domiciliary Management of Periodontal Indexes and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Paraprobiotic-Based… DOI:10.3390/app12178610 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chopra 2016 DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.a36100 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| El‐Sharkawy 2019 Is dietary melatonin supplementation a viable adjunctive therapy for chronic periodontitis?—A randomized controlled clinical trial DOI:10.1111/jre.12619 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gao 2020 Effect of short‐term vitamin D supplementation after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: A randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled… DOI:10.1111/jre.12719 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gottumukkala 2013 Effectiveness of sub gingival irrigation of an indigenous 1% curcumin solution on clinical and microbiological parameters in chronic… PMID:24015007 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Grusovin 2020 Clinical efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri-containing lozenges in the supportive therapy of generalized periodontitis stage III and IV,… DOI:10.1007/s00784-019-03065-x | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gunjal 2024 Comparison of the effectiveness of <i>Morus alba</i> and chlorhexidine gels as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on stage… DOI:10.1111/idh.12781 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hong 2019 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study for evaluating the effects of fixed-dose combinations of vitamin C,… DOI:10.1186/s12903-019-0728-2 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Isola 2021 Effectiveness of a nutraceutical agent in the non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized, controlled clinical trial DOI:10.1007/s00784-020-03397-z | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2016 DOI:10.3290/j.ohpd.a36099 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Javid 2018 Impact of Cranberry Juice Enriched with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Adjunct with Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment on Metabolic Control and… DOI:10.1080/07315724.2017.1357509 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Javid 2019 Impact of resveratrol supplementation on inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal markers in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic… DOI:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.042 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Javid 2019 <p>The effects of ginger supplementation on inflammatory, antioxidant, and periodontal parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus… DOI:10.2147/dmso.s214333 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jayachandran 2015 Influence of Vitamin D & Calcium Supplementation in the Management of Periodontitis. PMID:26266214 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jockel-Schneider 2022 Impact of a Specific Collagen Peptide Food Supplement on Periodontal Inflammation in Aftercare Patients-A Randomised Controlled Trial. PMID:36364735 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jünger 2020 Anti-inflammatory potential of an essential oil-containing mouthwash in elderly subjects enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy: a… DOI:10.1007/s00784-019-03194-3 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaipa 2022 Antioxidant effect of spirulina in chronic periodontitis DOI:10.1097/md.0000000000031521 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kalsi 2024 To Evaluate the Effect of Vitamin B Complex on Wound Healing - A Clinical and Microbiological Study. PMID:38595592 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kim 2023 Effect of oral gargle containing Lespedeza cuneata extract on periodontal health improvement and disease prevention: a randomized,… DOI:10.1186/s12903-023-02816-3 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Laky 2024 Effect of a multinutrient supplement as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis: A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial DOI:10.1002/jper.23-0115 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Laleman 2015 The effect of a streptococci containing probiotic in periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled trial DOI:10.1111/jcpe.12464 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lee 2014 Improvement in periodontal healing after periodontal surgery supported by nutritional supplement drinks. PMID:24921054 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mahendra 2017 Clinical and microbiological efficacy of 4% <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> L. pericarp gel as local drug delivery in the treatment of chronic… DOI:10.1111/jicd.12262 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Manthena 2015 Effectiveness of CoQ10 Oral Supplements as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Improving Periodontal Health. PMID:26436041 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Marawar 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mohammad 2020 Efficacy of Curcumin Gel on Zinc, Magnesium, Copper, IL‐1<i>β</i>, and TNF‐<i>α</i> in Chronic Periodontitis Patients DOI:10.1155/2020/8850926 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Montero 2017 Changes in crevicular cytokines after application of melatonin in patients with periodontal disease. PMID:29075409 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Morales 2016 Clinical Effects of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> in Non‐Surgical Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled… DOI:10.1902/jop.2016.150665 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Morales 2021 Clinical effects of probiotic or azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of stage III periodontitis: a… DOI:10.1186/s12903-020-01276-3 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nagate 2020 Efficacy of Pluronic F-127 gel containing green tea catechin extract on chronic periodontitis – A clinical study DOI:10.4314/tjpr.v19i2.27 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Naiktari 2014 A randomized clinical trial to evaluate and compare the efficacy of triphala mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine in hospitalized patients… PMID:24921057 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Neiva 2005 Effects of Vitamin‐B Complex Supplementation on Periodontal Wound Healing DOI:10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1084 | 2005 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pappu 2019 Evaluation of biodegradable gel containing flax seed extract (Linum usitatissimum) as a targeted drug delivery for management of chronic… DOI:10.1016/j.hermed.2018.100254 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Phogat 2014 Comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel and herbal extract gel in the treatment of chronic… PMID:24872624 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Poulose 2024 Efficacy and Viability of Subgingival Application of Probiotics as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Periodontitis DOI:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_533_23 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pradeep 2016 Adjunctive Local Delivery of Aloe Vera Gel in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical… DOI:10.1902/jop.2015.150161 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Raghava 2019 Efficacy of Curcumin as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial DOI:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2608 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramaprabha 2023 Assessment of Outcome of Oral Supplementation of Vitamin D3 as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis Patients… PMID:37654407 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramos 2022 Effect of systemic antibiotic and probiotic therapies as adjuvant treatments of subgingival instrumentation for periodontitis: a… DOI:10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0583 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Raut 2016 Comparative evaluation of co-enzyme Q10 and Melaleuca alternifolia as antioxidant gels in treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinical… PMID:27630504 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rayyan 2018 Efficacy of grape seed extract gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical study DOI:10.1111/jicd.12318 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Seydanur 2019 Evaluating clinical and laboratory effects of ozone in non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial DOI:10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0108 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shirakawa 2021 Effects of natural herb-containing dental toothpaste on periodontal pathogenic bacteria and clinical parameters: A randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100517 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Soares 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sulaiman 2010 Assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity and the Use of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Non‐Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis DOI:10.1902/jop.2010.100173 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Surapaneni 2018 Efficacy of Systemic Administration of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Scaling and Root Planning in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2… DOI:10.7860/jcdr/2018/29200.11397 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Taalab 2021 Intrapocket application of tea tree oil gel in the treatment of stage 2 periodontitis DOI:10.1186/s12903-021-01588-y | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Taleghani 2018 Impact of green tea intake on clinical improvement in chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial DOI:10.1016/j.jormas.2018.04.010 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tawfik 2019 Lycopene solid lipid microparticles with enhanced effect on gingival crevicular fluid protein carbonyl as a biomarker of oxidative stress… DOI:10.1080/08982104.2019.1566243 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Theodoro 2019 Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri as an adjunct to the treatment of periodontitis in smokers: randomised clinical trial DOI:10.3920/bm2018.0150 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tyagi 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis by clinical examination, any gender and age, with or without other diseases such as diabetes | Chronic periodontitis patients, about 3709 subjects aged 11 to 79 years, 47.1% male (n=79 RCTs) |
| Intervention | Nutritional supplements: melatonin, antioxidants, multinutrients, probiotics, herbal extracts (herbal antioxidants, herbal minerals), minerals, vitamins (B, C, D), any dosage and duration, alone or with SRP | Seven types of nutritional supplements: herbal extracts (n=34), antioxidants (n=18), probiotics (n=10), melatonin (n=6), vitamins (n=5), multinutrients (n=4), minerals (n=2); alone or with SRP |
| Comparison | Placebo, any nutritional supplement, SRP alone, or nutritional supplement + SRP | Placebo; SRP alone; other supplements within the network |
| Outcomes | Gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, as change from baseline | BOP (n=17), CAL 3 m (n=56), CAL 6 m (n=6), GI (n=43), PI (n=48), PPD 3 m (n=65); PPD 6 m dropped (no loop) |
| Study designs | RCTs; English language only | RCTs (n=79); Bayesian network meta-analysis |
| Timing | 3 months and 6 months follow-up (or closest time point) | 3 months and 6 months |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | No | Partial Yes | no |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Yes | Partial Yes | no |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: Yes | no |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: Partial Yes · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: Yes | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Low | no |