Non-Cochrane · prognostic · PM41078152
Malignant Transformation of Oral Leukoplakia and Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Its Biomarker Predictors: A Systematic Umbrella Review.
Fatih Mohammed Taib, Mahmood Mohammed Khalid, Garib Balkees Taha, et al. · Head & neck · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1002/hed.70073
Findings
50 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), proliferative verrucous leukoplakia | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in PVL Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · proliferative verrucous leukoplakia | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.48 [0.42, 0.54] Low 6 studies · 3318 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), oral leukoplakia (conventional) | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · oral leukoplakia (conventional) | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.06 [0.04, 0.08] Low 7 studies · 121418 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), PVL, moderate-quality SRs | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in PVL, moderate quality SRs Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · PVL, moderate-quality SRs | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.44 [0.41, 0.48] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 1123 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), OL, moderate-quality SRs | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL, moderate quality SRs Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · OL, moderate-quality SRs | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.05 [0.04, 0.07] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 51931 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), OL, high-quality SRs | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL, high quality SRs Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · OL, high-quality SRs | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.07 [0.03, 0.11] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 69487 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), all lesions (OL and PVL combined) | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence overall across subtypes Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · all lesions (OL and PVL combined) | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.21 [0.16, 0.26] Low 13 studies · 124736 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), PVL, high-quality SRs | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in PVL, high quality SRs Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · PVL, high-quality SRs | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.51 [0.42, 0.59] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 2195 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), floor of mouth | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL of the floor of mouth Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · floor of mouth | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.06 [0.03, 0.11] Low 4 studies · 2276 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), tongue | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL of the tongue Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · tongue | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.39 [0.22, 0.57] Low 5 studies · 2565 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), gingiva | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL of the gingiva Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · gingiva | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.23 [0.08, 0.43] Low 5 studies · 2453 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), lips | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL of the lips Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · lips | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.04 [0.01, 0.08] Low 4 studies · 2276 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), buccal mucosa | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL of the buccal mucosa Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · buccal mucosa | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.21 [0.11, 0.33] Low 5 studies · 2565 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), multifocal lesions | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in multifocal OL Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · multifocal lesions | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.16 [0.00, 0.47] Low 2 studies · 459 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), all subsites | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence across oral subsites (overall) Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · all subsites | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.15 [0.09, 0.22] Low 30 studies · 15159 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), palate | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL of the palate Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · palate | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.05 [0.02, 0.09] Low 5 studies · 2565 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), verrucous carcinoma | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Proportion of transformed lesions that were verrucous carcinoma Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · verrucous carcinoma | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.24 [0.03, 0.56] Low 4 studies · 1718 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), all cancer types | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Cancer type among transformed lesions (overall) Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · all cancer types | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.50 [0.10, 0.90] Low 8 studies · 3436 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), squamous cell carcinoma | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Proportion of transformed lesions that were squamous cell carcinoma Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · squamous cell carcinoma | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.76 [0.44, 0.97] Low 4 studies · 1718 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), female | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in female patients Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · female | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.64 [0.59, 0.69] Low 9 studies · 3236 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), both sexes | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence by sex (overall) Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · both sexes | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.49 [0.41, 0.57] Low 18 studies · 6472 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) | Female sex | Male sex | Malignant transformation of OL Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · female vs male, OR | OR 1.35 [0.79, 2.32] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), male | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in male patients Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · male | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.35 [0.30, 0.40] Low 9 studies · 3236 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) | Female sex | Male sex | Malignant transformation of OL Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · female vs male, RR | RR 1.38 [1.19, 1.61] GRADE not reported 2 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), all regions | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence by geographic region (overall) Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · all regions | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.15 [0.10, 0.20] Low 11 studies · 64044 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), Europe | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL, Europe Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · Europe | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.17 [0.08, 0.28] Low 3 studies · 8941 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), North America | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL, North America Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · North America | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.32 [0.06, 0.66] Low 3 studies · 8671 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), Oceania | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL, Oceania Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · Oceania | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.07 [0.00, 0.20] Low 2 studies · 601 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), Asia | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL, Asia Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · Asia | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.04 [0.04, 0.05] Low 3 studies · 45831 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), non-homogeneous leukoplakia | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in non-homogeneous OL Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · non-homogeneous leukoplakia | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.13 [0.04, 0.27] Low 3 studies · 8851 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), all clinical appearances | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence by clinical appearance (overall) Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · all clinical appearances | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.08 [0.05, 0.12] Low 6 studies · 15362 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), homogeneous leukoplakia | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in homogeneous OL Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · homogeneous leukoplakia | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.04 [0.03, 0.06] Low 3 studies · 6511 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), mild dysplasia | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL with mild dysplasia Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · mild dysplasia | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.05 [0.01, 0.11] Low 3 studies · 4370 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), all dysplasia grades | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence by dysplasia grade (overall) Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · all dysplasia grades | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.08 [0.05, 0.12] Low 9 studies · 8106 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), severe dysplasia | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL with severe dysplasia Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · severe dysplasia | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.11 [0.03, 0.23] Low 3 studies · 1161 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia (OL) or proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), moderate dysplasia | Not applicable (prevalence of malignant transformation, no comparator) | None | Malignant transformation (MT) prevalence in OL with moderate dysplasia Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · moderate dysplasia | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.10 [0.03, 0.20] Low 3 studies · 2575 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia | Presence of dysplasia | Absence of dysplasia | Malignant transformation Follow-up 6 months to 20 years (varied across reviews) · Oral leukoplakia patients not treated (treated cohorts excluded) · dysplasia present vs absent | no estimate extracted No studies found 0 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia | DNA aneuploid OL | None (single-group proportion) | Malignant transformation proportion Aneuploid Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | Proportion 0.752 Moderate 12 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | DNA diploid | DNA aneuploidy | No malignant progression | RR 0.18 [0.08, 0.41] Moderate 5 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | DNA aneuploidy | DNA diploid | Malignant transformation (risk ratio) | RR 2.25 Moderate 12 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | DNA aneuploidy | DNA diploid | Malignant transformation (hazard ratio) | HR 14.10 Moderate 12 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia | DNA diploid OL | None (single-group proportion) | Malignant transformation proportion Diploid Unresolved: the two extractors disagree on this row. | Proportion 0.08 Moderate 12 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | DNA aneuploidy | DNA diploid | Malignant transformation (progression to cancer) | RR 3.12 [1.86, 5.24] Moderate 5 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | Loss of pRb expression | Retained pRb expression | Malignant transformation of OPMD | RR 1.92 [1.25, 2.94] Moderate 6 studies · 330 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | Loss of pRb expression | Retained pRb expression | Malignant transformation, leukoplakia subgroup leukoplakia subgroup | RR 2.00 [1.22, 3.29] Moderate 2 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | High podoplanin expression | Low podoplanin expression | Malignant transformation of OL | HR 3.72 [2.40, 5.76] Moderate 6 studies · 546 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | p53 overexpression | No p53 overexpression | Malignant transformation of OPMD | RR 1.88 [1.39, 2.56] Low Downgraded: inconsistency, publication bias 24 studies · 1210 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | EGFR overexpression | No EGFR overexpression | Malignant transformation of OPMD | RR 2.17 [1.73, 2.73] Moderate 8 studies · 653 participants |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | Binary dysplasia grading system (high-risk lesions) | WHO dysplasia grading system (severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ) | Malignant transformation of OL and erythroplakia | OR 2.02 [0.88, 4.64] Very low 3 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | Binary dysplasia grading system, high-risk lesions | None | Malignant transformation proportion | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.31 [0.00, 0.84] Very low 3 studies |
| Patients with oral leukoplakia or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) | WHO dysplasia grading system, severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ | None | Malignant transformation proportion | Pooled proportion (prevalence) 0.40 [0.02, 0.87] Very low 3 studies |
Included primary studies 28
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maheswari 2018 Salivary micro RNA as a potential biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review. PMID:29875583 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| AbdulMajeed 2013 Gene expression profiling for the purposes of biomarker discovery in oral potentially malignant lesions: a systematic review. PMID:24250244 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aguirre-Urizar 2021 Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 5 years. PMID:33606345 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Alaizari 2018 Meta-analysis of the predictive value of DNA aneuploidy in malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders. PMID:28612463 | 2018 | this review only | Malignant transformation (progression to cancer) | not extracted yet |
| Annapoorani 2023 Assessment of Ploidy Status in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders - A Systematic Review. PMID:37654386 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Celentano 2021 World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in oral leukoplakia and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia-A systematic review… PMID:32306449 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Civico-Ortega 2025 Significance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) upregulation in the prediction of the malignant transformation risk in oral… PMID:40213513 | 2025 | this review only | Malignant transformation of OPMD | not extracted yet |
| de Freitas Silva 2021 Binary and WHO dysplasia grading systems for the prediction of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia: a… PMID:34050426 | 2021 | this review only | Malignant transformation proportion | not extracted yet |
| Guan 2023 Malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in the past 20 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:37224426 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Huang 2023 Potential noninvasive biomarkers for the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:37199052 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iocca 2020 Potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity and oral dysplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of malignant transformation… PMID:31803979 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaunein 2021 A Systematic Review of MicroRNA Signatures Associated with the Progression of Leukoplakia with and without Epithelial Dysplasia. PMID:34944523 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lafuente Ibanez de Mendoza 2022 Malignant development of proliferative verrucous/multifocal leukoplakia: A critical systematic review, meta-analysis and proposal of… PMID:34558734 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lopez-Ansio 2025 Predictive Value of the Loss of pRb Expression in the Malignant Transformation Risk of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic… PMID:39858110 | 2025 | this review only | Malignant transformation of OPMD | not extracted yet |
| Mohideen 2025 Malignant transformation of proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia-systematic review & meta-analysis. PMID:39893387 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Monteiro 2024 Podoplanin could be a predictive biomarker of the risk of patients with oral leukoplakia to develop oral cancer: A systematic review and… PMID:36103586 | 2024 | this review only | Malignant transformation of OL | not extracted yet |
| Monteiro 2025 Tissue Biomarkers for Predicting the Risk of Oral Cancer in Patients Diagnosed With Oral Leukoplakia: A Systematic Review of the Past… PMID:40200649 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Paglioni 2022 Clinical predictors of malignant transformation and recurrence in oral potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and… PMID:36153299 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Palaia 2021 Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: Progression to Malignancy and Clinical Implications. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PMID:34439238 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pimenta-Barros 2025 Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis. PMID:39314164 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pinto 2020 Malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia-systematic review. PMID:32249069 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramos-Garcia 2021 Malignant transformation of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:34009718 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramos-Garcia 2022 Significance of p53 overexpression in the prediction of the malignant transformation risk of oral potentially malignant disorders: A… PMID:35091134 | 2022 | this review only | Malignant transformation of OPMD | not extracted yet |
| Thakkar 2025 DNA ploidy status as a predictor for malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:39837746 | 2025 | this review only | Malignant transformation (risk ratio) | not extracted yet |
| Vergier 2025 Gingival Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Cancer: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. PMID:39385511 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Villa 2019 World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Prognostic biomarkers in oral leukoplakia: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. PMID:31140698 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Warnakulasuriya 2016 Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review of observational studies. PMID:26189354 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Warnakulasuriya 2020 Oral potentially malignant disorders: A comprehensive review on clinical aspects and management. PMID:31981993 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
| Review | Shared studies | Jaccard |
|---|---|---|
| Non-invasive detection and monitoring of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders: an umbrella review on… (2026) | 1 | 0.01 |
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Patients with oral leukoplakia (and PVL, OPMD) with or without malignant transformation | Oral leukoplakia and PVL patients (n=125,085 across 12 prevalence reviews); OPMD patients for biomarker reviews (15 reviews) |
| Intervention | Exposure: presence or absence of malignant transformation and of biomarkers | Lesion subtype, subsite, sex, region, clinical appearance, dysplasia grade; biomarkers (DNA aneuploidy, miRNA, gene expression, pRb, podoplanin, p53, EGFR, dysplasia grading systems) |
| Comparison | Intergroup comparison with controls or intragroup baseline vs follow-up | Single-group prevalence; female vs male; biomarker positive vs negative |
| Outcomes | Prevalence of malignant transformation; under- or over-expression of biomarkers | Pooled prevalence of malignant transformation (8 pooled analyses); biomarker predictive value narratively synthesized with GRADE |
| Study designs | Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies, English language, peer reviewed | 27 systematic reviews (12 quantitative prevalence, 15 qualitative predictor reviews) |
| Timing | Published before July 2025 | Follow-up 6 months to 20 years; time to MT under 1 to over 11 years |