Sealant retention rate (completely retained) · Children with permanent molars requiring pit-and-fissure sealants
At 12 months, Er:YAG laser combined with acid-etching significantly improved sealant retention versus acid-etching alone (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.80, favouring laser+acid; ungraded, single study).
4 findings from 1 review
OR 0.39 [0.19, 0.80]
1 study · 42 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.55 [0.23, 1.34]
1 study · 42 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.41 [0.21, 0.80]
1 study · 42 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 1 more finding
No formal maternal education prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
About 10% of children with caries in LMICs had mothers with no formal education (pooled prevalence 0.101, 95% CI 0.033 to 0.201; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Primary maternal education prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
About 42% of children with caries in LMICs had mothers with primary education (pooled prevalence 0.425, 95% CI 0.280 to 0.576; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Secondary/higher maternal education prevalence (among children with caries) · Children with dental caries (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
About 45% of children with caries in LMICs had mothers with secondary or higher education (pooled prevalence 0.450, 95% CI 0.330 to 0.572; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries (association with no formal maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
No formal maternal education showed a non-significant trend toward higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.36; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries (association with secondary/higher maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
Secondary/higher maternal education showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.44; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries (association with primary maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries
Primary maternal education was associated with 25% higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.54; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Contribution of dental care products to total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), by tap-water fluoride level · Children using fluoride-containing dental care products (majority of included studies)
In children in low-fluoridated tap water areas, dental care products contributed on average 39% of total fluoride exposure (ungraded).
5 findings from 1 review
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Contribution of dental care products to total daily fluoride intake (TDFI) · Humans using fluoride-containing dental care products; 28 included studies, mostly young children, only two studies in adults (aged…
Fluoride-containing dental care products (mainly toothpaste) contributed on average 38% (SD 27%) of total daily fluoride intake, regardless of tap-water fluoride level or age (ungraded; descriptive synthesis, no meta-analysis).
1 finding from 1 review
Sealant retention rate (completely retained) · Caries-free children to young adults with premolars/molars requiring pit-and-fissure sealants
At 18 months, laser preparation alone did not differ significantly from acid-etching for sealant retention (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.23 to 2.85; ungraded, single study, high risk of bias).
6 findings from 1 review
OR 0.82 [0.23, 2.85]
1 study · 16 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.22 [0.69, 2.16]
3 studies · 80 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.05 [0.61, 1.80]
3 studies · 73 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 3 more findings
OR 2.78 [0.87, 8.91]
2 studies · 65 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 1.15 [0.63, 2.10]
1 study · 43 participants
GRADE not reported
OR 0.87 [0.31, 2.45]
1 study · 16 participants
GRADE not reported
Sex/gender differences in fluoride intake or dental-care-product contribution · Participants stratified by sex/gender (especially young children)
No study has taken sex/gender into account when assessing fluoride intake, especially in young children.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 studies
No studies found
Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · children
For children in low-fluoridated areas, the mean contribution was 39% (SD 24%).
1 finding from 1 review
Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · children
For children in extremely fluoridated areas, the mean contribution was 3% (SD 2%).
1 finding from 1 review
Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · children
For children in high-fluoridated areas, the mean contribution was 41% (SD 24%).
1 finding from 1 review
Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · children
For children in medium-fluoridated areas, the mean contribution was 51% (SD 24%).
1 finding from 1 review
Contribution to total daily fluoride intake · children
For children in poor-fluoridated areas, the mean contribution was 45% (SD 28%).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (planned; no eligible studies) · Children with carious primary teeth after vital or non-vital pulp therapy
No eligible studies were found evaluating bio-active restorative materials for restoring carious primary teeth after pulp therapy.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries prevalence · General Pakistani population (all ages and both sexes; predominantly children and adolescents)
In permanent dentition, the pooled prevalence of dental caries was 57.2% (95% CI 26.3 to 85.3); ungraded.
10 findings from 1 review
Show 7 more findings
Prevalence of dental caries in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 All outcomesPakistan (school-, community-, and hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional surveys) · Province: Sindh
Prevalence 58.946 [43.796, 73.274]
11 studies
GRADE not reported
Prevalence of dental caries in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 All outcomesPakistan (school-, community-, and hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional surveys) · Dentition: primary
Prevalence 50.493 [43.867, 57.110]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Prevalence of dental caries in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 All outcomesPakistan (school-, community-, and hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional surveys) · City: Karachi
Prevalence 61.988 [45.504, 77.161]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Prevalence of dental caries in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 All outcomesPakistan (school-, community-, and hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional surveys) · Province: Punjab
Prevalence 55.445 [44.174, 66.44]
13 studies
GRADE not reported
Prevalence of dental caries in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 All outcomesPakistan (school-, community-, and hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional surveys) · City: Lahore
Prevalence 57.604 [47.727, 67.183]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Prevalence of dental caries in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 All outcomesPakistan (school-, community-, and hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional surveys) · Province: Baluchistan and KPK (combined)
Prevalence 51.168 [22.930, 79.004]
4 studies
GRADE not reported
Prevalence of dental caries in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021 All outcomesPakistan (school-, community-, and hospital/clinic-based cross-sectional surveys)
Prevalence 56.625 [49.546, 63.571]
30 studies · 27878 participants
GRADE not reported
Proper surface staining · Children receiving dental restorations (aged 4-11 years; primary teeth; Class I/II/V cavities)
No significant difference between IRR and CR in surface staining (moderate certainty; downgraded for inconsistency).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (tooth staining and other side effects) · Children and adults with active dental caries (aged 1-50; mostly preschool/school children with primary dentition)
SDF commonly causes black staining of arrested lesions; only mild, transient adverse events were reported, with no major adverse events (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review