Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

216 questions · 226 findings · 24 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

No studies found 84 · 37.2%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.2%Very low 73 · 32.3%Low 39 · 17.3%Moderate 25 · 11.1%High 0 · 0%

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs placebo

Incidence of T2DM (N) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy may leads to lower incidence of T2DM (N) Diagnostic criteria: 3 studies applied the WHO… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs no intervention

Incidence of T2DM (N) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy probably leads to lower incidence of T2DM (N) Diagnostic criteria: 9 studies applied the WHO… compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

Metformin Diagnostic criteria: 2 studies applied the WHO 1999 criteria for 'prediabetes' (FPG > 6.1 mmol/L and < 7.0 mmol/L and/or a 2‐h glucose < 11.1 mmol/L after a 75 g OGTT; Chen 2007a; Zeng 2013) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy showed no clear difference in metformin Diagnostic criteria: 2 studies applied the WHO 1999… compared with another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

Acarbose Diagnostic criteria: 1 study applied the WHO 1999 criteria for prediabetes (FPG > 6.1 mmol/L and < 7.0 mmol/L and/or a 2‐h glucose < 11.1 mmol/L after a 75 g OGTT; Chen 2007a) · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
1 finding from 1 review

Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin

Severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: severe hypoglycaemia occurring 00:01‐05:59 (Davies 2014) or 23:00‐07:00 (BEGIN Young)

Summary of findings: insulin glargine showed no clear difference in severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia (n/N) Definition: severe… compared with NPH insulin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoxetine vs placebo

Morbidity: depression (N) · overweight or obese adults

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: fluoxetine changes morbidity: depression (N) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cognitive outcomes WISC‐III test (verbal performance similarities, comprehension, block design); visuospatial performance; Rey‐Osterrieth test (complex figure copying task) · male children and adolescents with short stature
1 finding from 1 review