Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care
Fear of childbirth · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted7 studies · 828 participantsLow
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
37 questions · 37 findings · 4 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth · Headline outcomes only
No studies found 3 · 8.1%GRADE not reported 10 · 27%Very low 2 · 5.4%Low 19 · 51.4%Moderate 3 · 8.1%High 0 · 0%
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care
Caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.7 [0.55, 0.89]5 studies · 557 participantsModerate
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care
Anxiety ‐ not reported · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care
Depression · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted2 studies · 399 participantsLow
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care
Birth preferences: prefer caesarean section · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.38 [0.08, 1.85]2 studies · 208 participantsLow
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) vs usual care
Epidural analgesia during labour · women with fear of childbirth (tocophobia)
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia during labour compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.21 [0.98, 1.48]2 studies · 380 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam
Fetal immobilisation score at 40 minutes (Degree of fetal immobilisation as defined by trial authors) · health problem or population
1 finding from 1 review
- Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam
Fetal movements ‐ gross body and limb (Degree of fetal immobilisation as defined by trial authors) · health problem or population
1 finding from 1 review
- Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam
Surgical assessment/satisfaction score = 1 or 2 (Technically successful procedure as defined by trial authors) · health problem or population
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil may leads to higher surgical assessment/satisfaction score = 1 or 2 (Technically… compared with diazepam (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 2.88 [1.6, 5.15]1 study · 50 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam
Maternal respiratory rate (Maternal respiratory depression as defined by trial authors or measured using intraoperative maternal arterial oxygen saturation and maternal respiratory rate) · health problem or population
1 finding from 1 review
- Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam
Maternal OAA score (observer assessment of alertness/sedation) < 4 (Maternal sedation measured using sedation scores as defined by authors) · health problem or population
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil may leads to lower maternal OAA score (observer assessment of alertness/sedation) < 4… compared with diazepam (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.09 [0.01, 0.65]1 study · 50 participantsLow
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam
Perinatal mortality · health problem or population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Summary of findings table ‐ Remifentanil vs diazepam
Time taken to perform procedure · health problem or population
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
- Perioperative pharmacological interventions for fetal immobilisation during fetal surgery and invasive procedures 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extractedStudies not reportedNo studies found
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo
Pruritus · pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological interventions for treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 715 participantsModerate
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo
Stillbirth · pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis
It is very uncertain whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) changes stillbirth compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological interventions for treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.33 [0.08, 1.37]6 studies · 955 participantsVery low
Ursodeoxycholic acid vs placebo
Fetal distress/asphyxial events · pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis
It is very uncertain whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) changes fetal distress/asphyxial events compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological interventions for treating intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.7 [0.35, 1.4]6 studies · 944 participantsVery low
Vaginal PGE₂ vs placebo or expectant management
Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · patients with induction of labour at term
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological and mechanical interventions for labour induction in outpatient settings 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Intracervical PGE₂ vs placebo
Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women requiring induction of labour
Intracervical PGE₂ showed no clear difference in uterine hyperstimulation (with fetal heart rate changes) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological and mechanical interventions for labour induction in outpatient settings 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 2.66 [0.63, 11.25]4 studies · 488 participantsLow
Intracervical PGE₂ vs placebo
Caesarean section · women requiring induction of labour
Intracervical PGE₂ showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological and mechanical interventions for labour induction in outpatient settings 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.9 [0.72, 1.12]7 studies · 674 participantsModerate
Intracervical PGE₂ vs placebo
Neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity · women requiring induction of labour
1 finding from 1 review
- Pharmacological and mechanical interventions for labour induction in outpatient settings 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported