What do systematic reviews say?

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

• Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 947 participants
  Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

• Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 2404 participants
  Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potentially… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.68, 0.98]
  13 studies · 4534 participants
  Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

• Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 691 participants
  Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether pharmaceutical care changes the proportion of patients with one or more potential prescribing… compared with usual care (very low certainty).

• Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.27, 0.91]
  7 studies · 2765 participants
  Very low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

• Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 4797 participants
  Low

Pharmaceutical care vs usual care

• Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 7458 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce corruption in the health sector 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of regulating drug insurance schemes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians and HMO members vs no educational intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians and HMO members vs mailed educational materials on prescribing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians vs an intervention to regulate drug reimbursement

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Regulatory policy: use of a prescribing monitoring tool vs no regulatory intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians and HMO members vs an intervention to regulate drug reimbursement

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Educational policy: mailed educational materials on prescribing for physicians vs no educational intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of educational or regulatory policies targeting prescribers 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of financial incentives for prescribers 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co‐payment on rational use of medicines 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found