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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

94 questions · 100 findings · 31 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 9 · 9%GRADE not reported 11 · 11%Very low 22 · 22%Low 30 · 30%Moderate 24 · 24%High 4 · 4%

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants cured. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants cured.… compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants with P aeruginosa eradication. Outcome assessed on day 21 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes successful treatment of exacerbation: number of participants with P… compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes serious adverse events. Outcome assessed on day 42 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral + inhaled dual therapy vs oral monotherapy

Microbiological response: eradicated. Outcome assessed on day 21 · bronchiectasis

It is very uncertain whether oral + inhaled dual therapy changes microbiological response: eradicated. Outcome assessed on day 21 compared with oral monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid

Asthma relapse1at 20 to 24 days · predominantly adults with acute asthma following emergency department discharge

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid showed no clear difference in asthma relapse1at 20 to 24 days compared with oral corticosteroid (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid

Hoarseness at 20 to 24 days · predominantly adults with acute asthma following emergency department discharge

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid showed no clear difference in hoarseness at 20 to 24 days compared with oral corticosteroid (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids or antibiotics, or both · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes any COPD exacerbation that requires short‐burst oral corticosteroids… compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants requiring oral corticosteroids over the study period · Adults from minority groups with doctor diagnosed asthma

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants requiring oral corticosteroids over the study… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patients with ≥ 1 exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 6 to 16 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention probably leads to lower patients with ≥ 1 exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Participants with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 8 to 24 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in participants with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids Duration of trials: 8 to 13 weeks · adults and adolescents with persistent asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in patients with ≥ 1 exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Courses of oral corticosteroids · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions including action plans for exacerbations showed no clear difference in courses of oral steroids compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month · people with asthma

The intervention showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids 7.3‐month (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review