Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

27 questions · 28 findings · 8 reviews · Anaesthesia

No studies found 4 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 21.4%Low 9 · 32.1%Moderate 8 · 28.6%High 1 · 3.6%

Thiopentone and ketamine vs benzodiazepines

Awareness Postoperative interview · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery

It is very uncertain whether thiopentone and ketamine changes awareness Postoperative interview compared with benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Thiopentone and ketamine vs benzodiazepines

Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational vs intravenous

Nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane + N2O versus propofol or propofol + N2O · paediatric

Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational may leads to higher nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane +… compared with intravenous (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Failed blocks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in failed blocks compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Minor complications (3 to 6 weeks · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in minor complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ultrasound guidance vs no ultrasound

Major complications · children (≤ 18 years of age) undergoing any type of surgical procedure (open or laparoscopic) for which a neuraxial (spinal, epidural,…

Ultrasound guidance showed no clear difference in major complications compared with no ultrasound guidance (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia vs conventional pain control

Persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined persistent postsurgical pain as new pain that did not exist before the operation, measured using differences in scores based on validated pain scales; patient interview between 3 to 18 m... · Patients undergoing thoracotomy

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia probably leads to lower persistent pain 3 to 18 months after thoracotomy (We defined… compared with conventional pain control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

All‐cause mortality · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume showed no clear difference in mortality compared with high tidal volume (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Pneumonia · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower pneumonia compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Need for postoperative non‐invasive ventilatory support · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative non‐invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low tidal volume vs high tidal volume

Need for postoperative invasive ventilatory support · adults (aged > 16 years) without acute lung injury needing mechanical positive pressure ventilation during their surgery and undergoing…

Low tidal volume probably leads to lower need for postoperative invasive ventilatory support compared with high tidal volume (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review