Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

11 questions · 11 findings · 5 reviews · Anaesthesia · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1 · 9.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 18.2%Low 3 · 27.3%Moderate 3 · 27.3%High 2 · 18.2%

Intervention not reported

24‐hour morphine consumption (mg) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1323 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

24‐hour morphine consumption (mg) · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 854 participants
Low

Preventive opioids vs postincision opioids

Opioid consumption at 24 hours using morphine equivalents Scale from zero to 150 mg · adults undergoing surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 526 participants
Very low

Pre‐emptive opioids vs postincision opioids

Opioid consumption at 24 hours using morphine equivalents Scale from zero to 150 mg · adults undergoing dental surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pre‐emptive and preventive opioids for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Transdermal or intranasal nicotine vs placebo

Hourly morphine equivalents at 60 minutes · patients with postoperative pain

Transdermal or intranasal nicotine showed no clear difference in hourly morphine equivalents at 60 minutes compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal or transdermal nicotine for the treatment of postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 168 participants
Low

Transdermal or intranasal nicotine vs placebo

Hourly morphine equivalents at 24 hours · patients with postoperative pain

Transdermal or intranasal nicotine showed no clear difference in hourly morphine equivalents at 24 hours compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal or transdermal nicotine for the treatment of postoperative pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 168 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Amount of 'rescue' opioid (intravenous morphine equivalents, mg) · adults having abdominal surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative dexmedetomidine for acute pain after abdominal surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 259 participants
Very low

FNB (any type) vs epidural analgesia

Opioid consumption at 24 hours using morphine equivalents Scale from zero to 150 mg · patients with knee replacement surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 341 participants
High

FNB (any type) vs local infiltration analgesia

Opioid consumption at 24 hours using morphine equivalents Scale from zero to 150 mg · patients with knee replacement surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Moderate

Continuous FNB vs single‐shot FNB

Opioid consumption at 24 hours using morphine equivalents Scale from zero to 150 mg · patients with knee replacement surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 236 participants
Moderate

FNB (any type) vs another opioid (PCA)

Opioid consumption at 24 hours using morphine equivalents Scale from zero to 150 mg · patients with knee replacement surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 1156 participants
High