Cochrane · systematic review · CD012978
Pre‐emptive and preventive NSAIDs for postoperative pain in adults undergoing all types of surgery
Doleman, B, Leonardi-Bee, J, Heinink, TP, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2021 · Cochrane Library
AnaesthesiaAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
14
current version
GRADE rated
13
No studies
1
Included studies
NR
No studies 1 · 7.1%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 14.3%Low 9 · 64.3%Moderate 2 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Summary of findings
Population: adults undergoing surgery
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Early acute postoperative pain (within 6 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) | no estimate extracted | 36 studies · 2032 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Adverse events | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nausea and vomiting (1‐6 hours postoperatively) | RR 1 [0.34, 2.94] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Nausea and vomiting (6‐48 hours postoperatively) | RR 0.85 [0.52, 1.38] | 5 studies · 228 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Late acute postoperative pain (24‐48 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) | no estimate extracted | 28 studies · 1645 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
24‐hour morphine consumption (mg) | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 854 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Time to first analgesic request (mean time in minutes) | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 975 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Summary of findings
Population: adults undergoing surgery
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Early acute postoperative pain (within 6 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 1140 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Adverse events (Re‐operation for bleeding (reoperation for major bleeding within 30 days (yes/no))) | RR 1.95 [0.18, 20.68] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Nausea and vomiting (1‐6 hours postoperatively) | RR 1.26 [0.49, 3.3] | 1 study · 76 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Nausea and vomiting (6‐48 hours postoperatively) | RR 0.89 [0.65, 1.22] | 8 studies · 456 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Late acute postoperative pain (24‐48 hours postoperatively using a validated pain scale: 0, no pain to 10, maximum pain) | no estimate extracted | 21 studies · 1441 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
24‐hour morphine consumption (mg) | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 1323 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Time to first analgesic request (mean time in minutes) | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 410 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |