Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

342 questions · 380 findings · 34 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 97 · 25.5%GRADE not reported 190 · 50%Very low 67 · 17.6%Low 23 · 6.1%Moderate 3 · 0.8%High 0 · 0%

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Patients with one or more adverse events · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… showed no clear difference in patients with one or more adverse events compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Pain at 12 months or more (long-term postobturation pain) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding for more than 24 months vs Not breastfed at the same age or breastfed for a shorter duration

Early childhood caries (ECC) - incidence/risk · Children with exclusively primary dentition (age ≤71 months)

Breastfeeding beyond 24 months is associated with an increased risk (incidence) of early childhood caries versus not breastfeeding at the same age (RR 2.44, 95% CI 1.97 to 3.02; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Early childhood caries experience (mean dmft) · Nigerian children with primary dentition (approximately 6 months to 5 years)

In primary dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with slightly higher, non-significant odds of caries (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.23 to 5.44), with high heterogeneity (I2=83%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries in permanent teeth · Nigerian individuals with permanent dentition (approximately 12 years and older)

In permanent dentition, high-frequency sugar consumption was associated with non-significant 15% higher odds of caries (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.52), with no heterogeneity (I2=0%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

High-frequency sugar consumption (three or more times daily) vs Low sugar intake (fewer than three times daily)

Dental caries prevalence · Nigerian individuals, including children and adults, with primary or permanent dentition

High-frequency sugar consumption was associated with 18% higher but non-significant odds of dental caries in Nigeria (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.59; I2=36%; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Partial pulpotomy with permanent restoration after more than 14 days vs No comparator

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Adults aged 18 years or older with mature permanent teeth and carious pulp exposure

Permanent restoration after more than 14 days was associated with a pooled success rate of 23.2%.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

At least 50% reduction in pain · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 4 hours (using pain intensity… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Oral paracetamol vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · Patients requiring surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth or teeth, with baseline moderate to severe pain (surgery under local…

Paracetamol (single oral dose, any dose or formulation; subgroups up… led to higher achieving at least 50% pain relief at 6 hours (using pain relief… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers)

Quality of root-end filling (retrograde/surgical treatment) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed.
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers)

Removal of broken (fractured) instruments from the root canal · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed.
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers)

Total time required to complete the clinical procedure · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    No included study assessed procedure time; such outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed.
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers)

Repair of root perforations · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed.
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers)

Quality of visualisation of root canal anatomy and morphology · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    No included study assessed this outcome; the review notes that such secondary outcomes were only sporadically reported and were never statistically assessed.
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Endodontic therapy (surgical or non-surgical) performed with the aid of one or more magnification devices (surgical microscope, endoscope or magnifying loupes) vs The same endodontic therapy performed without magnification devices (without visual enhancers)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Patients of any age who received endodontic therapy and were followed up for at least 1 year after treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Magnification devices for endodontic therapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
    >=1 year after treatment
    None of the studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and therefore no data analysis was conducted (three potentially eligible trials were identified from 1234 records; all were excluded).
    Studies not reported
    No studies found

Primary school-based interventions (one or more of: school health policy, oral health education, healthy school environment, access to oral health services, community involvement) vs usual practice

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)

School-based interventions may reduce dental plaque scores (SMD -0.32, favouring intervention), but the certainty of evidence is very low.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary school-based interventions (one or more of: school health policy, oral health education, healthy school environment, access to oral health services, community involvement) vs usual practice

Oral hygiene measured by mean gingival scores · Primary school children (aged 3-16 years) attending primary school in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)

The effect of school-based interventions on gingival scores is uncertain and not statistically significant (SMD 0.12; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review