Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

101 questions · 102 findings · 38 reviews · Eyes and Vision · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 20 · 19.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 31 · 30.4%Low 27 · 26.5%Moderate 15 · 14.7%High 9 · 8.8%

Lutein with or without zeaxanthin vs placebo

Progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) · people with AMD

Lutein with or without zeaxanthin showed no clear difference in progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) · people with AMD

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement probably leads to lower progression to visual loss (loss of 3 or more lines on logMAR chart) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Change in visual loss associated with PSR: visual loss is defined by the deterioration of visual acuity of 3 lines or more with the Snellen chart · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

It is very uncertain whether blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention changes visual acuity (loss of 3 lines or more) by 5 years compared with placebo/standard blood pressure intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of a reduction in visual acuity of 10 ETDR letters or more · people with type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy

Proportion of participants with 1 or more recurrent APAC episodes in the same eye (lower number of events is better) · Participants with acute primary angle closure after initial medical treatment to lower intraocular pressure

It is very uncertain whether phacoemulsification changes proportion of participants with 1 or more recurrent APAC episodes in… compared with laser peripheral iridotomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo or active control

Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more… compared with placebo or active control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs active control

Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more… compared with active control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more Snellen lines · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes visual improvement at end of treatment, as defined by two or more… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone

CAS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more points · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

Summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab showed no clear difference in CAS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more points compared with intravenous methylprednisolone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs placebo

Proptosis improvement (decrease) by 2 mm or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes proptosis improvement (decrease) by 2 mm or more compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone

NOSPECS improvement (decrease) by 2 classes or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes NOSPECS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more classes compared with intravenous methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone

Proptosis improvement (decrease) by 2 mm or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes proptosis improvement (decrease) by 2 mm or more compared with intravenous methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone

Palpebral aperture improvement (decrease) by 3 mm or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes palpebral aperture improvement (decrease) by 3 mm or more compared with intravenous methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs intravenous methylprednisolone

Motility improvement (increase) by 1 class or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes motility improvement (increase) by 1 class or more compared with intravenous methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs placebo

CAS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more points · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes CAS improvement (decrease) by 2 or more points compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rituximab vs placebo

NOSPECS improvement (decrease) by 2 classes or more · thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes NOSPECS improvement (decrease) by 2 classes or more compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy

Measurable change in stereopsis after 8 (± 2) weeks and 16 (± 2) weeks of intervention 'Real change' in stereopsis is defined as a change in stereoacuity of two or more octaves. · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review