Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

137 questions · 148 findings · 7 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 44 · 29.7%GRADE not reported 19 · 12.8%Very low 32 · 21.6%Low 38 · 25.7%Moderate 14 · 9.5%High 1 · 0.7%

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs infiltrated local anaesthetics or other topical agents

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults and paediatric patients with dermal laceration

5 findings from 1 review

Topical anaesthetics for pain control during repair of dermal laceration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1006 participants
Low
Topical anaesthetics for pain control during repair of dermal laceration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 530 participants
Low
Topical anaesthetics for pain control during repair of dermal laceration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 543 participants
Low

Show 2 more findings

Topical anaesthetics for pain control during repair of dermal laceration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1231 participants
Low
Topical anaesthetics for pain control during repair of dermal laceration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 656 participants
Low

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics vs infiltrated local anaesthetics or other topical agents

Anaesthetic‐related adverse effects · adults and paediatric patients with dermal laceration

Primary outcome: topical local anaesthetics led to lower anaesthetic‐related adverse effects compared with infiltrated local anaesthetics or other topical agents; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical anaesthetics for pain control during repair of dermal laceration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0 [0, 0]
11 studies · 1686 participants
GRADE not reported

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

Time from completion of operation to first flatus (hours) · adults

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 1138 participants
High

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

Time required to observe first faeces · adults

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
28 studies · 1559 participants
Low

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

Pain (VAS scores) on movement at postoperative day 1 Scale from: 0 to 10. · adults

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
35 studies · 2731 participants
Moderate

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

Vomiting · adults

Epidural local anaesthetic showed no clear difference in vomiting during first 24 hours compared with opioid‐based regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.57, 1.23]
22 studies · 1154 participants
Low

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

Anastomotic leak · adults

Epidural local anaesthetic showed no clear difference in anastomotic leak compared with opioid‐based regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.41, 1.32]
17 studies · 848 participants
Low

Epidural local anaesthetic vs opioid‐based regimen

Length of hospital stay · adults

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid‐based analgesic regimens for postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis,… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
30 studies · 2598 participants
Very low

0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found

4% prilocaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: See comment, not estimable; 63 participants, 187 interventions (1 study); 1 case of urticaria occurred (unclear which anaesthetic). Not pooled/graded.
1 study · 63 participants
GRADE not reported

2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: Not measured.
0 studies
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · women with breast cancer undergoing elective surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects of continuous local anaesthetic infusion ‐ not reported · people after iliac crest bone graft harvesting

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Automated mandatory bolus vs basal infusion

Local anaesthetic consumption per hour (mg/hr)c during labour epidural analgesia · term, pregnant women (nulliparous, or combination of nulli‐ and muliparous) requesting for labour epidural analgesia

1 finding from 1 review

Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 1642 participants
Moderate

3% mepivacaine plain vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Success of local anaesthesia (soft tissue, self-reported; 100% success in all studies) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

1 finding from 1 review

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
'100% success' (lidocaine 1:100,000 vs 3% mepivacaine plain): infraorbital block - Berberich 2009 40/40 vs 40/40; IANB - Cohen 1993 27/27 vs 34/34, McLean 1993 30/30 vs 30/30. Both 100% successful.
3 studies · 121 participants
GRADE not reported