Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

15 questions · 17 findings · 4 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 35.3%Low 5 · 29.4%Moderate 5 · 29.4%High 1 · 5.9%

L‐carnitine vs placebo

Immediate memory · healthy young women

1 finding from 1 review

L‐carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 200 participants
Very low

Statins vs placebo

Picture‐Word Learning Test 15 Picture Learning Test Measures immediate and delayed recall · older people with normal cognitiona

Statins showed no clear difference in picture‐Word Learning Test 15 Picture Learning Test Measures… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Statins for the prevention of dementia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.02
1 study · 5804 participants
High

Cognitive training vs control

Change in immediate verbal memory scores · participants with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 201 participants
Low

Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention

Change in a global measure of cognition (composite) · people with mild to moderate dementia

2 findings from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
27 studies · 1389 participants
Moderate
Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
20 studies · 1288 participants
Low

Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention

Change in a global measure of cognition (composite) · people with mild to moderate dementia

2 findings from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 769 participants
Low
Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 724 participants
Very low

Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention

Change in delayed memory · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 147 participants
Very low

Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention

Mood · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 543 participants
Moderate

Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention

Change in capacity for activities of daily living · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 525 participants
Moderate

Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention

Participant burden (retention rates) · people with mild to moderate dementia

It is very uncertain whether cognitive training changes participant burden (retention rates) compared with alternative treatment immediately post intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.78 [0.24, 2.57]
4 studies · 639 participants
Very low

Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention

Change in mood and well‐being (caregiver) · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Moderate

Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention

Change in delayed memory · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 543 participants
Very low

Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention

Mood · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 577 participants
Very low

Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention

Change in capacity for activities of daily living · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 687 participants
Low

Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention

Participant burden (retention rates) · people with mild to moderate dementia

Cognitive training showed no clear difference in participant burden (retention rates) compared with control immediately post intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.37, 1.43]
17 studies · 1282 participants
Low

Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention

Change in mood and well‐being (caregiver) · people with mild to moderate dementia

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 36 participants
Moderate