Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

271 questions · 277 findings · 30 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 31 · 11.2%GRADE not reported 10 · 3.6%Very low 93 · 33.6%Low 64 · 23.1%Moderate 65 · 23.5%High 14 · 5.1%

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after administration of antibiotic prophylaxis · CSF‐shunt infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis may leads to lower number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after administration of intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis · CSF‐shunt infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis may leads to lower number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after administration of intrathecal antibiotic prophylaxis · CSF‐shunt infections

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care

Number of participants experiencing shunt infection after implantation of antibiotic impregnated catheters · CSF‐shunt infections

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes number of participants experiencing shunt infection after… compared with no antibiotic prophylaxis / standard care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo, no treatment or surveillance only

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · primary VUR

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in symptomatic UTI by 1 to 2 years: antibiotics versus no prophylaxis compared with surveillance or no treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment or placebo

Adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) · Women who had normal vaginal births

It is very uncertain whether routine antibiotic prophylaxis changes adverse effects of antibiotics (skin rash) compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

Wound infection · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes all wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

DSSI · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

DSSI ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI ‐ low infection risk environment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

DSSI ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in DSSI ‐ high infection risk environment compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes all wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ low infection risk environment compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

All wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes all wound infections (SSSI + DSSI) ‐ high infection risk environment compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

SSSI · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis probably leads to lower SSSI compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

SSSI ‐ low infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no clear difference in SSSI ‐ low infection risk environment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs placebo

SSSI ‐ high infection risk environment · prevention of postoperative wound infection in adults undergoing open elective inguinal or femoral hernioplasty hernia repair

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes SSSI ‐ high infection risk environment compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment

Incidence of episiotomy wound dehiscence without wound infection · women with episiotomy repair following vaginal birth

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic prophylaxis changes incidence of episiotomy wound dehiscence without wound infection compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review